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Margery Bowers > Medical > Flashcards

Medical Flashcards

1
Q

Drugs for seizures

A

Benzo-

diazepam ( valium)
Lorazepam ( Ativan)
Midaolam ( versed)

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2
Q

Med for eclampsia

A

Mag sulfate

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3
Q

Brue

A

Breif resolved unexplained event

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4
Q

Subarachnoid bleed symptoms

A

Cerebral aneurysm

Sudden onset of severe headache

Young female usually lifting

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5
Q

Cephalgia

A

Headache

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6
Q

Migraine symptoms

A 
Vascular
Women
Unilateral ( one side)
Nausea and vomiting 
Eye pain
Sensitive to light
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7
Q

Cluster headache symptoms

A 
Men 
Fireman's headache
BP up
Unilateral 
Gets worse over days
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8
Q

Tension headace symptoms

A

Throbbing squeeze
Neck pain jaw pain
Hypertension
Pressure in brain due to tumor or stroke

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9
Q

Cns neoplasm

A

Brain and spinal tumor

Similar symptoms to stroke

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10
Q

Delirium

A

Sudden state of confusion- reversible

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11
Q

Dementia

A

Chronic deteriorating of memory reasoning judgement not reversalble

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12
Q

Alzheimer’s

A

Neurons die

Buildup of plaque in brain

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13
Q

Viral meningitis

A

Most common
Flu like
Non commpicable

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14
Q

Bacterial meningitis

A 
Bad 
1-2 day fever 
Head and back ache
Nuchal rigidity ( stiff neck)
Ama
Buldging fonianal
Rash
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15
Q

Meningitis ppe

A

Surgerical mask for you and pt

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16
Q

Creutzfelt-Jakob disease

A

Infection from contaminated beef

Ataxia ( can’t control muscle movement)
Jerking
Visual impairment

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17
Q

Guillain - Barre syndrome

A

Autoimmune
Usually viral
Destruction of myelin sheth

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18
Q

Guillain Barre syndrome symptoms

A

Tingling in fingers toes

Progressive muscle weakness

Trouble talking swallowing

Difficult breathing

Paralysis

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19
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A

Infalmation of nerve cells
Loss of myelin sheaths
Inhibits nerve impulses

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20
Q

Myasthenia gravis

A

Autoimmune disease breakdown of nerves and muscles

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21
Q

Myasthenia gravis symptoms

A

Neuromuscular weakness

Fatigue

Drooping of eye lids (ptosis)

Double vision

Trouble swallowing

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22
Q

Parkinson’s

A

Unknown cause

Loss of dopemine producing cells

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23
Q

Parkinson’s symptoms

A

Impaired movements
Tremors
Ridity

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24
Q

Pick disease

A

Genetic disease

Damage to neurons

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25
Q

Pick disease symptoms

A 
Obsessive behavior
Social inappropriate
Mental highs or depression
Tremors 
Incontinence
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26
Q

Wernicke encephalopathy

A

Thiamine deficiency

Usually alcoholic

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27
Q

Wernicke encephalopathy symptoms

A

Mental confusion
Abnormal eye movement
Ataxia

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28
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

Buildup of fluid in ventricles in brain

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29
Q

Ventricular shunts action and complications

A

Drains excess CSF from ventricles of brain

Tube drains into r atrium

Complications brain infection obstruction of tube
Increased ICP
Seizures

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30
Q

Ileostomy

A

Diverts from ileum contents don’t pass through large intestine liquid stool green

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31
Q

Colostomy

A

Diverts stool from colon or large intestine has a bag

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32
Q

Appendicitis location and symptoms

A

Rlq
Periumbilical pain
Sick for a few days
Nausea and vomiting decreased appetite

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33
Q

Cholecystitis and symptoms

A

Inflammation of gall bladder
Ruq
Pain when breathing in

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34
Q

Cholestatsis

A

Flow of bile from liver stops
Gall bladder
Murphy’s sign
Pain from taking breath when palpating ruq

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35
Q

Cholelithiasis and symptoms

A

Gall stones

Murphy’s sign

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36
Q

Cirrhosis of liver location and symptoms

A

Ruq
Jaundice nausea weight loss
Fatigue
Busing easily

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37
Q

Crohn’s disease and location

A

Rlq
Diarrhea and rectal bleeding
Constipation
Weight loss

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38
Q

Diverticulitis location and symptoms

A

Inflammation of punch like herniation in intestine
Llq
Fever nausea and vomiting

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39
Q

Esophageal varices

A

Abnormal enlarged veins in lower part of esophagus
No pain
Bleeding in gi tract
Hematemesis vomiting blood

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40
Q

Peritonitis location of pain and symptoms

A 
Inflammation of abdominal wall
Pain can be anywhere
Fever 
High hr
Vomiting
Local guarding
Distended and ridged abs
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41
Q

Ulcerative colitis location of pain and symptoms

A

Llq

Loose and bloody stools

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42
Q

Abdominal aortic aneurysm location of pain and symptoms

A

Teariing or shearing pain in abdomen and back
Unequal pulses lower extremities
Urge to shit dude to blood in retroperitoneal space
Hypertension history

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43
Q

Throrasic aortic aneurysm pain location and symptoms

A

Tearing pain in upper chest and between shoulder blades

Unequal pulses in upper extremity

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44
Q

Ng tube uses and complications

A

Relives gastric distention

Hypoxia broncial insertion
Bleeding 
Occusion of tube
Dislodged 
Tube deterioration
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45
Q

Prerenal

A 
Decreasing blood to kidneys 
Due to hemorage 
Hf 
Shock 
Or sepsis
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46
Q

Intrarenal

A

Disease or damage within the kidneys

Diabetes certain drugs

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47
Q

Postrenal

A

Blockage to urine collecting system

Uretur, bladder, or urithra

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48
Q

Signs and symptoms of acute kidney failure

A

Southern onset in days
Oliguria decrease urine output
Anuria no output
Fatigue weight loss trauma to flank area altered mental status does arrhythmias pvc’s tachycardias including VTEC hyperkalemia

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49
Q

Chronic kidney failure

A

Long and slow process of kidneys inability to function

Some causes include diabetes hypertension

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50
Q

Chronic kidney failure signs and symptoms

A

Same as arf except slower onset
Erythropoietin decreased leading to anemia
Needs dialysis for the rest of life unless transplant

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51
Q

Erythropoietin

A

Hormone secreted by kidneys to increase production of red blood cells and response to low O2

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52
Q

Dialysis

A

Movement of blood across membranes to remove toxins

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53
Q

Do four or missed a dialysis symptoms

A

Fluid overload pulmonary edema hyperkalemia with tall peak t waves p waves flatten and PR lengths

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54
Q

EKG findings right after dialysis shock

A

Hypokalemia ST depression small t waves prominent u waves found after t wave

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55
Q

Peritoneal dialysis

A

At home dialysis
Tube inserted into abdominal cavity uses patients peritoneal membrane to exchange fluids and remove toxins waste products

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56
Q

Renal calculus

A

Kidney stone

57
Q

Renal calculus signs and symptoms

A

Unilateral severe flank pain may have flank to groin pain he material pale sweating

58
Q

Peristalsis

A

Series of muscle contractions in the digestive tract automatic function and digesting food and excreting urine

59
Q

Pyelonephritis and symptoms

A

Inflammation or infection of the kidneys

Back in flank pain cloudy and foul smelling urine high fever

60
Q

Cystitis and signs and symptoms

A

Inflammation or infection of the urinary bladder
Lower mid abdominal pain frequent urination with burning hematuria urgency and cloudy foul smelling urine

Pain when pissing

61
Q

Epididymitis

A

Inflammation of the tube with the back of the testicle that stores and carry sperm
Foul smelling urine

62
Q

Testicular torsion

A

Testicle twists on supermatic cord which provides blood to scrotum sudden severe scrotal pain and swelling usually boys over 6 years old true emergency

63
Q

What is the purpose of the endocrine system

A

Produce hormones which affect other endocrine glands and body systems

64
Q

Where is the hypothalamus located and what does it do

A

Located in lower part of brain above brainstem
Stimulate pituitary gland
Plays a role in sleep temperature hunger thirst BP and water balance

65
Q

What is the pituitary gland and where is it located

A 
Pituitary gland is located in the brain called the master gland in charge of many hormones
Acth
Adh
Fish
GH
OXY
Tsh
66
Q

What is the parathyroid and where it is where is located

A

Behind thyroid helps to increase calcium levels and blood

67
Q

What is a thyroid gland that where is it located

A

And neck below the thyroid cartilage

Effects metabolism and decreases calcium levels

68
Q

Graves disease and ss

A

Hyperthyroid disorder

Agitation and nervous heat intolerance weight loss tachycardia hot and flush skin goiter which is an inlarged thyroid

Uses beta blockers to control

69
Q

Thyrotoxicosis and ss

A

A hyperthyroid disorder
Thyroid storm

Fever sweating diarrhea altermental status hypoglycemia seizures

Managed by cooling down using beta blockers glucose of indicated benzos for seizures

70
Q

Myxedema

A

Hypothyroid disorder

Fatigue lethargy cold intolerance

Bradycardia weight gain dry cold skin and constipated

Treat with synthroid thyroid

71
Q

Mxedema coma and ss

A

Hypothyroid disorder
Slow to develop but can decline rapidly usually triggered by sepsis surgery or trauma

Altered mental status, hypothermic

Active rewarming ACLS procedures

72
Q

Hashimoto’s disease

A

Hypothyroid disorder
Inflammation of the thyroid

Thyroid isis enlargement of thyroid gland

Symptomatic treatment

73
Q

What are the adrenal glands and where they located

A

Located on top of each kidney produce epinephrine norepinephrine aldosterone which UPS reabsorption of sodium and cortisol which UPS energy

74
Q

Adrenal inefficiency

A

Fails to produce adequate cortisol and aldosterone

75
Q

Addison’s disease and signs and symptoms

A

Decreased adrenal
Fatigue loss of appetite vomiting diarrhea weight loss

Treat steroids prednisone

76
Q

Addison crisis and signs and symptoms

A

Adrenal inefficiency disorder

Brought on by stress including trauma

Severe vomiting and diarrhea hypotension shock

Treat with fluids may need 50% dextrose may need calcium chloride of hyperkalemic

77
Q

What is Cushing syndrome

A

Adrenal overproduction
Increase in cortisol possibly due to tumors

Weight gain
Moon-faced buffalo hump
Increase facial hair but decrease scalp hair
Mood swings

78
Q

Type 1 diabetes and signs and symptoms

A

Does not produce insulin

IDDM insulin-dependent diabetics mellitus

Ketones are produced from burning fat instead of sugar

79
Q

Diabetes Type 2 and signs and symptoms

A

Insufficient insulin production or has insulin resistance

Can’t control with diet or take pills and or insulin

N i d d m

Non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

80
Q

HHNK and signs and symptoms

A

Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketonic

Type 2 diabetic

No ketones

Ask of dka but no fruity order or kissmauls

81
Q

Complications of diabetes

A

Stroke kidney and heart disease decrease blood supply to legs vision changes blindness neuropathy nerve damage

82
Q

Rhyme for diabetes

A

Hot dry sugar high

Cold and clammy gets the candy

83
Q

What happens when h1 histamine receptors are stimulated by mast cells

A

Vasodilation increases capillary permeability

Bronchoconstriction and laryngospasm

84
Q

Wheals

A

Rased itchy area

85
Q

Angioedema

A

Tongue and lips and eyes swollen

86
Q

Urticaria

A

Hives

87
Q

Best med to counteract histamine and dose

A

Epi

.3 of 1:1000

88
Q

Most common cause of anaphylaxis shock

A

Penicillin injection

2nd is hymenoptera - bees wastps hornets

89
Q

Anaphylactoid reaction

A

Injection of serum or protein not caused by ige reaction

90
Q

What is ige

A

Immunoglobin e is a type of antibody that is synthesized by plasma cells

91
Q

Allergic reaction definition

A

Antigen-antibody reaction

Exposure to antigen stimulates ige

92
Q

Kaposi sarcoma

A

Type of cancer with blue red colored lesions complication of HIV and AIDS

93
Q

Hepatitis signs and symptoms

A

Slow onset fever right upper quadrant pain nausea and vomiting decrease appetite jaundice dark colored urine acetites which is accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity whites of eyes are yellow

94
Q

Which hepatitis is fecal oral contamination

A

Hepatitis a

95
Q

Which hepatitis is bloodborne or fluid born

A

Hepatitis B and C

96
Q

Tuberculosis and signs and symptoms

A

Maybe antibiotic resistant
Night sweats shortness of breath cough weight loss fever hemoptysis coughing up blood chills

Spreads by droplet

97
Q

Gonorrhea signs and symptoms

A

Men pain on your urination and discharge from penis

Women fever vaginal discharge PID

98
Q

What is the most common STD

A

Chlamydia gonorrhea second

99
Q

Sofa score

A

Sepsis related organ failure assessment

Evaluates possible poor outcome based on AMS respiratory rate and blood pressure

100
Q

How does MRSA spread

A

Transfer one person to one person through breaking the skin

101
Q

Nosocomial

A

Hospital acquired infection

102
Q

What is C diff

A

Clostridium difficult

Usually after hospital stay or course of antibiotics

Watery diarrhea green and foul smelling nausea vomiting

Supportive care IV clean equipment with chlorine bleach

103
Q

Tetanus

A

From puncture wound or needle stick with contaminated street drugs

Painful muscle contractions frigidity neck face jaw hydrophobia drooling

104
Q

Rabies and SS

A

Fever chills malice neurological signs hydrophobia seizures bizarre behavior paralysis, coma

Wound after several days looks red swelling and tender cellulitis

105
Q

Herpes zoster

A

Shingles
Viral painful rash with blisters
Intense burning sensation
Direct contact

106
Q

Agitated delirium or excited delirium

A

That’s bizarre agitated hyperactivity paranoid aggressive does not feel pain as exceptional strength hyperthermia hallucinations massive sympathetic response system tachycardia tachypnea hypertension dilated pupils combative rapid transport patient probably going to code

Related to use a stimulants MDMA bath salts Flocka try to calm patient restraints May trigger cardiac arrest be prepared for respiratory cardiac arrest law enforcement present

107
Q

Conversion disorder or conversion Hysteria

A

Patient has physical problem that cannot be explained by medical evaluation

108
Q

How many people for restraints

A

Five one for each extremity and one to apply restraints

109
Q

Antidote for benzos

A

Flumecile

110
Q

Antidote for beta blocker

A

Glucagon

111
Q

Antidote for calcium channel blocker

A

Calcium

112
Q

Antidote for cyanide

A

Hydroocobapamin

113
Q

Antidote for tricyclic antidepressants

A

Sodium bicarb

114
Q

Antidote for diastolic reactions

A

Benadryl 25 to 50 mg

115
Q

Extrapyramidal symptoms

A

Dystonic reactions

116
Q

Sickle cell anemia

A

Most common in African Americans can also occur in Mediterranean descent

Pain and swelling and joints pain and chest back flank pain pripism infections stroke around my

Fossil inclusive episode

Spleen involvement

High 402 fluid Street for shock pain meds stroke a cardiac center if indicated

117
Q

Leukocytosis

A

Too many wbc

118
Q

Leukemia

A

Cancer of blood cells

119
Q

Lymphoma

A

Cancer of lymphatic system

120
Q

Thrombocytosis

A

Too many platelets

121
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

Disease of platelets

122
Q

Polycythemia

A

Increase in RBC

High hematocrit

123
Q

Hematocrit

A

Proportion of red blood cells in blood

124
Q

Graves disease presentation

A

It’s from an enlarged thyroid

They have a swollen neck ( goiter )

Bulging eyes

Hot skin

125
Q

Thyroid storm symptoms

A

Everything goes up

Agitation

Fever

Warm

Weight loss

126
Q

Myxedema

A

My. X. Edima

Face edema moon face

Weight gane

Cold

Low thyroid

Treat levothyroxine synthetic thyroid hormone

127
Q

Neonate heart rate

A

100-205

128
Q

Infant heart rate

A

100-180

129
Q

Toddler heart rate

A

98-140

130
Q

Preschooler heart rate

A

80-120

131
Q

School age heart rate

A

75-118

132
Q

Adolescent heart rate

A

60-100

133
Q

Infant respiration rate

A

30-53

134
Q

Toddler respiration rate

A

22-37

135
Q

Mean arterial formula

A

Diastolic + ( systolic-diastlolic ÷ 3)

136
Q

Parenteral

A

Drug administration outside of oral

Direct injection

137
Q

Antiemetic drug

A

Stopes nausea and vomiting

138
Q

Subluxation

A

A partial dislocation

Margery Bowers (4 decks)

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