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Medical Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

S/S of resp difficulty

A

grunting, nasal flaring, accessory muscle use, tracheal tugging, intercostal retractions, difficulty speaking, color change

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2
Q

COPD

A

relies on hypoxic drive, when arterial O2 level low

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3
Q

emphysema

A

pink puffer, pursed lips, barrel chest, damaged alveoli, wheezing

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4
Q

Chronic bronchitis

A

blue bloater, cough mucus, overweight, cyanotic, rhonchi

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5
Q

Asthma s/s

A

wheezing - 1st expiratory, 2nd inspiratory, last silent

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6
Q

Asthma tx

A

O2, epi, beta 2 agonist (albuterol, preventol, theophlyn)

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7
Q

Pneumonia s/s & tx

A

sob, fever sudden onset, rhonchi, O2 and breathing tx

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8
Q

Pulmonary embolus s/s

A

shock and resp distress, acute/sudden onset chest pain, sob, cyanotic from nipple line up

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9
Q

Pulmonary embolus risk factors

A

female, birth control pills, recent surgery or delivery, dvt, bed ridden, cellulitis of the leg, long trips

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10
Q

Hyperventilation

A

resp alkalosis, slow breathing or treat underlying cause

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11
Q

upright p wave

A

sinus rhythm

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12
Q

Inverted P wave

A

junctional rhythm (AV Node)

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13
Q

No P wave

A

junctional rhythm (bundle of his)

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14
Q

Sinus rhythm

A

SA node in RA, 60-100

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15
Q

Accelerated junctional rhythm

A

AV node, 40-60

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16
Q

Junctional rhythm

A

bundle of his, below 40

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17
Q

Ventricle rhythm

A

purkinje fibers, below 20 wide complex

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18
Q

Reentry

A

may cause PVCs or tachydysrhythmias

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19
Q

Layers of heart muscle out - in

A

epicardium(pericardium), myocardium, endocardium

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20
Q

Cardiac output

A

stroke volume X heart rate

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21
Q

Stroke volume

A

amount ejected with each contraction 80-100ml

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22
Q

Starling’s law

A

the bigger the stretch the bigger the contraction

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23
Q

Electrode placement for leads I,II,III

A
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24
Q

V-tach

A

regular, rapid, wide give amiodarone or lido

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25
A-fib
irregular, no P wave, narrow complex
26
Sudden death from MI usually occurs within
1 hr of symptoms from dysrhythmias
27
Cardiogenic shock
pump problem, treat with dopamine
28
ST elevation in II, III AvF
inferior wall
29
ST elevation in I, AvL, V5,V6
lateral wall
30
St elevation in V1,V2
septal(anterior)
31
ST elevation in V3,V4
anterior wall
32
Pulmonary edema
L heart failure, blood backs into capilaries resp distress, rales/crackles, pink frothy sputum O2, lasix, nitro morphine(vasodilation) CPAP
33
Cor pulmonale
R heart failure, blood backs into venous system JVD, pedal or sacral edmea
34
Checking responsiveness
C - circulation A - airway B - breathing D - defibrillation
35
Assessment ABCs
LOC: if unresponsive do CAB if responsive do ABCD(disability loc)E(extremities)
36
ACLS secondary survey
A - adv airway (ET,LMA,etc) B - breathing (assessed, assured, & secured, O2) C - Circ interventions (IV, EKG) D - differential diagnosis
37
Differntial Diagnosis for cardiac arrest 5 Hs & Ts
Hypovolemia Thromboemboli (pulm & coronary) Hypothermia Trauma Hypoxia Tension pneumo Hydrgen ion (acidosis) Tamponade Hyper/hypo kalemia Toxins (OD)
38
Most likely reversible cause of PEA
hypovolemia
39
Abd aortic aneurysm
Lumbar back/abd pain, tearing pain, hx of htn, pulsating mass unequal pulses in lower ext
40
Hypertension
crisis - headache, photophobia, epistaxis 200/100
41
Joules settings for v-fib
1st - 200j 2nd - 300j 3rd - 360j
42
How much valium for seizure
5 - 10 mg IV
43
Statis epilepticus
2 or more seizures without consciousness or a prolonged seizure
44
Absence/petit mal seizures
children have many a day, may or may not lose consciousness
45
Focal motor seizures
only one specific area is seizing
46
S/S of stroke
visual disturbances, speech disturbance, may have loc change, hemiparesis, dizzy
47
Causes of AMS
hypoperfusion, hypoglycemia, heat stroke AEIOU-TIPS alcohol, epilepsy, insulin, od, underdose trauma, infection, psychosis, stroke
48
Pituitary gland
master gland pea-shaped in brain releases oxytocin and ACTH
49
Adrenal gland
superior portion of kidneys releases epi and norepi
50
Islets of langerhans
in pancreas produces insulin
51
glucagon
produced in pancreas, sent to liver where stored as glycogen
52
DKA
metabolic acidosis resp alkalosis kussmaul's, polyuria, polydyspsia, polyphagia
53
Insulin shock | (hypoglycemia)
sudden onset, cold clammy, headache weak dizzy IM glucagon
54
Epi doses for allergic reaction
adult - 0.3 mg pedi - 0.15 mg
55
Upper GI hemorrhage
black tarry stool(melena), vomiting blood/coffee ground colored(hematemesis) may be bleeding ulcer
56
Lower GI bleed
bright red or wine colored stool (hematochezia)
57
Appendicitis
RLQ pain, N/V, no appetite, may start periumbilical low fever unless ruptured, constipation
58
Cholecystitis
RUQ pain, yellow/green bile vomit
59
Cystitis
most common cause of UTI
60
Abd pain pt usually more comfortable in what position
lateral recumbent with knees bent (fetal position)
61
Poison control number
1-800-222-1222
62
Tricyclic antidepressants | (tofranil, elavil)
treat with sodium bicarb
63
Aspirin OD
hyperventilation, tachycardia, fever, sweating tinnitus
64
Pit viper bite VS coral snake
necrotoxin neurotoxin
65
Marine animal | (coelenterates)
salt water, meat tenderizer, vinegar, hot water
66
Stings
do not rub or use cold water
67
Cocaine/speed OD
dilated pupils, tahcycardia, v-tach, seizures, agitated/restless benzo is antidote
68
Benzo OD
romazicon
69
delirium tremens
48-72 hrs after last drink
70
Organophosphate poisoning
SLUDGE salivation, lacrimation, urination, diarrhea, GI, emesis constricted pupils, slow pulse give atropine large frequent doses
71
Heat exhaustion
sodium/water loss tachycardic and sweating
72
Heat stroke
true medical emergency temp 105-106 stops sweating rapid cooling, IV
73
salt water VS fresh water drowning
salt - pulm edema fresh - hemodilution
74
Radiation alpha, beta, gamma
alpha - 6 in clothes protect beta - 1-2 ft gamma - unlimited distance
75
Meningitis
fever, nucal rigidity, AMS, headache question: present @ football games fever, stiff neck for days
76
Hepatitis
RUQ pain(murphy's sign), dark urine, clay stools, sick for days or weeks
77
TB
more common in HIV pt
78
Most common cause of PID
gonorrhea
79
Psychotic VS neurotic
psychotic worse not in touch with reality
80
Restrain pt in what position
on back(supine) or side prefer 5 people
81
placenta
gas exchange, nutrients, wastes, heat, hormone production
82
Stages of labor
1st - start of labor - complete dilation 2nd - complete dilation - delivery of baby 3rd - delivery of baby - delivery of placenta
83
Ectopic pregnancy
1 sided lower abd pain, blood spotting kehr's sign - referred pain to shoulders
84
Supine hypotensive syndrome
syncope, dizzy put on left side
85
Hypertensive syndrome preeclampsia toxemia
htn, protein in urine, swelling, epigastric pain, hyper reflexes first mag sulfate if seizing the valium if it continues

State Exam (10 decks)

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