Trauma

Question 1

Most common rural accident

Answer 1

head on

Question 2

Primary stage of blast injury

Answer 2

pressure waves hollow organs collapse

Question 3

Secondary stage of blast injury

Answer 3

struck by flying objects

Question 4

Tertiary stage of blast injury

Answer 4

victim propelled through air and impact other objects

Question 5

Best fluid for replacement in shock

Answer 5

plasma, packed cells, or whole blood

Question 6

1st stage of hemorrhage in shock

Answer 6

up to 15% loss, BP maintained by constriction of vascular bed

Question 7

2nd stage of hemorrhage in shock

Answer 7

15-25% loss, card output not maintained by arteriole constriction inc HR/RR, BP maintained by catecholamines. cool, pale, slight distal pulse

Question 8

3rd stage of hemorrhage in shock (decompensated)

Answer 8

25-35% loss, tachycardia, tachypnea, hypotn, alt mentation, cool/pale skin, no distal pulse due to shunting

Question 9

4th stage of hemorrhage in shock (irreversible)

Answer 9

loss >35%, hypotn, lethargy, squeezing of filter organs, start MODS

Question 10

Abrasion

Answer 10

outer most layer of skin damaged with or without flap

Question 11

Laceration

Answer 11

break in skin with jagged ends

Question 12

Animal bites

Answer 12

always transport & report to animal control or PD

Question 13

Causes of burns

Answer 13

thermal, electrical, chemical, radiation

Question 14

Electrical burns

Answer 14

have entrance and exit, can cause vascular and nerve damage

Question 15

Rule of nines child

Answer 15

Question 16

Rule of nines adult

Answer 16

Question 17

Palmar method

Answer 17

surface of pt hand is 1% body surface

Question 18

Complications of burns

Answer 18

immediate - hypovolemia/hypothermia

delayed - infection

shock due to plasma loss (third spacing)

Question 19

Parkland formula

Answer 19

4ml X wieght(kg) X BSA % burned

given over 24 hrs, 1/2 volume given in first 8 hr

Question 20

Carbon monoxide inhalation s/s

Answer 20

headache, confusion, cherry-red lips. cyanotic with false high pulse-ox ,hypoventilating, non-responsive modled skin

Question 21

Dry ice burn tx

Answer 21

immerse in warm water 100-104

Question 22

meninges

Answer 22

dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

Question 23

Cerebrum

Answer 23

grey matter, personality, intelligence, judgement

Question 24

Cerebellum

Answer 24

balance, coordination, muscle tone

Question 25

Brain stem (mid brain, pons, medulla)

Answer 25

BP, HR, RR conciousness

Question 26

Afferent nerves VS Efferent nerves

Answer 26

Afferent - sensory nerves traveling from body to brain(ascending) Efferent - sensory nerves traveling from brain to body (descending)

Question 27

Neurogenic shock

Answer 27

occurs with spinal injury. hypotn but not tachycardic skin dry and warmand could be red

Question 28

Hyphema

Answer 28

blood in anterior chamber of eye

Question 29

Subdural hematoma

Answer 29

venous, slow altered metation over time

Question 30

Epidural hematoma

Answer 30

arterial unconcious, then conscious, then unconcious

Question 31

Subarachnoid hematoma

Answer 31

worst headahce of life, think its a migraine target is femail 19-20 on the pill

Question 32

Mannitol

Answer 32

osmotic diuretic temporary measure for inc ICP

Question 33

Multiple attempts at ET with inc ICP will cause

Answer 33

more ICP, bradycardia and other dysrhythmias

Question 34

Traumatic asphyxia

Answer 34

bluging eyes and tongue, cyanosis, JVD, in metabolic acidosis give bicarb

Question 35

Plueral decompression

Answer 35

2nd and 3rd intercostal space midclavicular decompress prior to ET, IV, or transport

Question 36

Causes of flat neck veins

Answer 36

dehydration hemothorax hypovolemia

Question 37

Pulsus paradoxus

Answer 37

as inhale distal pulse fades, as exhale pulse reappears

Question 38

Flail chest

Answer 38

2 or more ribs in 2 or more places paradoxical movt definitive tx - pos pressure vent, place bulky dressing on expiration

Question 39

Thoracic aorta injury

Answer 39

chest pain and pain between shoulder blades, unequal radial pulses

Question 40

Abd injuries

Answer 40

peritoneum - lining of abd cavity abd distention/rigidity 1.5 - 2 L of blood loss

Question 41

Evisceration tx

Answer 41

moist sterile saline, keep warm occlusive dressing do not push back into body

Question 42

Fracture/dislocation 6 P's

Answer 42

pain pallor paresthesia paralysis pressure pulse

Question 43

Most commonly fractured bone

Answer 43

clavicle

Question 44

Complications of fractures/dislocations

Answer 44

nerve and vascular(worst possible)

Question 45

stokes basket

Answer 45

used to transport over difficult terrain