medical asepsis Flashcards by Alyssa Lizelle Uy

the state of being free from living pathogenic
organisms

asepsis

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the methods of achieving a germ-free condition

a·sep·sis

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absence

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sepsis

infection

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involves a reduction in numbers of infectious agents but does not necessarily reduce it to zero

Medical Asepsis

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The microbes are not
eliminated, however,
instead, their
environment is altered
so that it is not
conducive to growth
and reproduction

Medical Asepsis

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the procedure used to prevent contamination of
microbes before surgery

Surgical Asepsis

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A set of infection control practices that healthcare
personnel use to reduce transmission of
microorganisms in healthcare settings.

STANDARD PRECAUTIONS

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Protect both healthcare personnel and patients from contact with infectious agents.

STANDARD PRECAUTIONS

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standard precautions

1 hand hygiene
2. use PPE

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ppe means

personal protective equipment

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example of PPE

gloves,gowns, masks, eye protection, face shields

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(hand washing with soap and water or
use of an alcohol-based hand sanitizer) before and after
patient contact and after contact with the immediate
patient care environment

Hand hygiene

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when
exposure to blood, body fluids, excretions, secretions
(except sweat), mucous membranes, or non-intact skin
is anticipated.

Personal protective equipment (PPE)

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PPE includes:

when hand contamination is anticipated

Gloves

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when splashes may occur

Masks, face shields and eye protection

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PPE includes

when soiling of clothes may occur

Gowns

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Should be used by healthcare personnel caring for patients regardless of the patient’s diagnosis and
whether or not the patient is known to have a
communicable infection. In other words, Standard
Precautions should be used for all patients, all the
time.

Personal protective equipment (PPE)

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Every year, an estimated ____ patients get a
hospital-related infection.

2 million

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_____ die from their infection.

90,000

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part of Standard Precautions. It can
reduce the transmission of healthcare-associated
infections – to your patients and to you.

Hand hygiene

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When should you wash your hands?

Whenever hands are visibly dirty or contaminated.
 Before:
◦ having contact with patients
◦ putting on gloves
◦ inserting any invasive device
◦ manipulating an invasive device

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Surfaces in the patient care environment – including
________– are
often contaminated with bacteria.

bed rails, IV pumps, and even computer keyboards

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the simplest and yet the MOST
important thing that you can do to reduce the spread
of disease and to keep you from getting sick.

Handwashing

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use hand or foot controlled faucet

medical handwashing

use foot or knee controlled faucet

surgical handwashing

a serious problem in healthcare facilities.

Infections

Wash hands and wrists for 2 to 3 minutes.

MEDICAL H.

Wash hands, wrists and forearms for 10 min with brush (first surgical scrub of day).

SURGICAL H.

Hold hands in downward position while rinsing

MEDICAL H.

Hold hands in upward position while rinsing.

SURGICAL H.

Use brush and cuticle stick

MEDICAL H.

Use cuticle stick on nails

surgical H

Dry hands with paper or clean cloth towel

MEDICAL H.

Dry hands with sterile towel

SURGICAL H

Turn off hand faucets with paper or clean cloth towel

MEDICAL H.

Keep hands upright and do not touch anything until sterile gloves are applied.

SURGICAL H.

Lotion may be applied.

MEDICAL H.

Do not apply lotion.

SURGICAL H.

Includes any device or garment that protects the individual from contact with blood and body fluid that may contain bloodborne pathogens

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

full cover torso from neck to knees, arms to end of wrists, wrap around the back fasten in back of neck and waist

gown

secure ties or elastic bands at middle of head and neck. fit flexible band to nose bridge. fit snug to face and below chin. fit check respirator.

mask or respirator

place over face and eyes and adjust to fit

goggles or face shield

extend to cover wrist of isolation gown

gloves

may be used up to 8 hours

surgical mask

may be reused for up to 1 week

N95 respirator

must not be placed around the neck to be worn again

mask

level 1

surgical mask

level 2

goggles/ face shield, surgical mask

prevent contamination of healthcare professional’s hands and help reduce the spread of pathogens only if: 1. They are used properly and hand hygiene is performed before and after wear 2. It’s important to know that gloves do not provide complete protection from hand contamination .That’s why hand hygiene is so important before and after glove use!

GLOVES

Infectious organism:

pathogen

Place where organisms can thrive

Reservoir of infection

Any avenue available to exit the body

Portal of exit

Route taken by pathogens from reservoir to susceptible host

Mode of transportation

Any avenue available to enter the body

Portal of entry

Person at risk for infection

Susceptible host

Of the total amount of waste generated by health-care activities, about ___% is general waste

The remaining ___% is considered hazardous material that may be infectious, toxic or radioactive.

Every year an estimated _____ injections are administered worldwide, but not all of the needles and syringes are properly disposed of afterwards

16,000 million

waste contaminated with blood and its by-products, cultures and stocks of infectious agents, waste from patients in isolation wards, discarded diagnostic samples containing blood and body fluids, infected animals from laboratories, and contaminated materials (swabs, bandages) and equipment (such as disposable medical devices);

Infectious Waste:

recognizable body parts and contaminated animal carcasses;

Pathological Waste

syringes, needles, disposable scalpels and blades, etc.;

Sharps

for example mercury, solvents and disinfectants

Chemicals

expired, unused, and contaminated drugs; vaccines and sera;

Pharmaceuticals

highly hazardous, mutagenic, teratogenic or carcinogenic, such as cytotoxic drugs used in cancer treatment and their metabolites;

Genotoxic Waste

such as glassware contaminated with radioactive diagnostic material or radiotherapeutic materials

Radioactive Waste

such as broken mercury thermometers.

Heavy Metals Waste

When cleaning an article such as radiographic table, start with the

least soiled area and progress to the most soiled area.

used in the diagnostic imaging department should always be treated as if they are contaminated with virulent microbes. Do not recapped needles or touch them after use. Place them immediately in a puncture-proof container labeled for this purpose.

Needles and syringes

Placed used needle/sharps uncapped into a

puncture-resistant container

a term used to describe the removal by means of mechanical and chemical processes of pathogenic microorganisms, but frequently not their spores, but from objects or body surfaces.

DISINFECTION

a chemical substance that is used for disinfecting only an inanimate object e.g. ( phenol , chlorine )

DISINFECTANT

refers to any process that effectively kills or eliminates transmissible agents (such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, and spore forms etc.) from a surface, equipment, foods, medications, or biological culture medium

STERILIZATION

can be achieved through application of steam, chemical vapor sterilization, dry heat sterilization and ethylene oxide gas sterilization.

STERILIZATION

Moist heat in the form of saturated steam under pressure is the sterilant used in the steam sterilizer (autoclave). Steam sterilization of medical devices is the least time consuming, and the preferred, method of sterilization for heat and moisture stable medical devices.

Steam Sterilization

Unsaturated chemical vapor (a mixture of alcohol, water, ketones, and formaldehyde heated under pressure) is a typical sterilant used in this method of sterilization.

Chemical Vapor Sterilization

Hot air is the sterilant used in the dry heat sterilizer (hot air oven). It is a slow process because it depends upon higher temperatures to incinerate microorganisms.

Dry Heat Sterilization

This method of sterilization is used for heat-stable, moisture-sensitive, or steam impermeable medical devices and products.

Dry Heat Sterilization

the sterilant used for gas sterilization.

Ethylene oxide (EtO)

 Ethylene oxide (EtO) is the sterilant used for gas sterilization.  This method of sterilization is used for heat-sensitive items.

Ethylene Oxide Sterilization

STERILITY CHECK

1. Check for the expiration or sterilization date 2. Indicator color change

medical asepsis Flashcards

(81 cards)