Medical emergencies

Question 1

What is the drug and dose that would be given for anaphylaxis in an adult?

Answer 1

Adrenaline 500mcg 1:1000 Intramuscular
Repeated at 5 minute intervals

Question 2

What would you give a patient in a suspected heart attack?

Answer 2

300mg aspirin

Question 3

When would you administer Glucagon?

Answer 3

Hypoglycaemia in unconscious patients

Question 4

How much glucose should you give a co-operative patient for hypoglycaemia?

Answer 4

15-20g fast acting glucose

Question 5

What does GTN stand for?

Answer 5

Glyceryl Trinitrate

Question 6

When would you use midazolam oromucosal solution?

Answer 6

Prolonged convulsive seizures

Question 7

What is the dosage for midazolam oromucosal solution in children aged 1 - 5 years?

Answer 7

5mg buccal

Question 8

What is the dosage for midazolam oromucosal solution in children aged 5 - 10 years?

Answer 8

7.5mg buccal

Question 9

What is the dosage for midazolam oromucosal solution in children aged 10+ & adults?

Answer 9

10mg buccal

Question 10

What emergency drug would you use for an asthma attack?

Answer 10

Salbutamol inhaler

Question 11

What is the dosage for Glucagon in patients under 8 years or below 25kg?

Answer 11

0.5mg IM

Question 12

What is the dosage for Glucagon in patients over 8 years and above 25kg?

Answer 12

1mg IM

Question 13

What is the dosage for adrenaline in patients under 6 years?

Answer 13

150mcg 0.15mls 1:1000 IM

Question 14

What is the dosage for adrenaline in patients aged 6 - 12 years?

Answer 14

300mcg 0.3mls 1:1000 IM

Question 15

What is the dosage for adrenaline in patients above 12 years?

Answer 15

500mcg 0.5mls 1:1000

Question 16

How much oxygen is delivered through a bag valve mask?

Answer 16

15L/Min 90-100% oxygen

Question 17

What is Status Epilepticus?

Answer 17

Prolonged/Repetitive seizures

Question 18

Pain in the left arm, sweating, shortness of breath, tight pain in the centre of the chest are all symptoms of what medical emergency?

Answer 18

Angina Attack

Question 19

Crushing chest pain, pain in the left arm, low blood pressure and pale and clammy skin are all symptoms of what medical emergency?

Answer 19

Myocardial Infarction

Question 20

What is paradoxical chest?

Answer 20

One side of the chest will rise and fall abnormally

Question 21

What is hypoglycaemia?

Answer 21

Low blood sugar

Question 22

What is hyperglycaemia?

Answer 22

High blood sugar

Question 23

What are the symptoms of hypoglycaemia?

Answer 23

Irritability and aggressiveness
Uncooperative and slurred speech
Disorientation
Cold, clammy & sweaty skin

Question 24

What are the symptoms of hyperglycaemia?

Answer 24

Blurred vision
Weightloss
Sweet smelling breath
Increased urination

Question 25

What is the range for normal blood sugar levels?

Answer 25

4.0 and 5.9 mmol/l

Question 26

What is the management of hypoglycaemia in a conscious cooperative patient?

Answer 26

Glucose drink/tablet/gel Repeat every 10-15 minutes

Question 27

What is the management of hypoglycaemia in an unconscious adult patient?

Answer 27

1mg IM Glucagon

Question 28

Where should you place defib pads?

Answer 28

As if you were the patient - On the UR collarbone & LL side of chest

Question 29

How long will a D size cylinder provide oxygen for, if given at 10-10L/min?

Answer 29

20 - 30 minutes

Question 30

What causes angina?

Answer 30

Lack of oxygenated blood Can be brought on by exercise, stress, hypertension

Question 31

How many times can you repeat GTN spray in a medical emergency?

Answer 31

3

Question 32

What causes myocardial infarction?

Answer 32

Blood flow is blocked to the heart by: Coronary heart disease causing plaque to dislodge causing a blood clot

Question 33

How many backslaps should you give?

Answer 33

5 between the shoulder blades

Question 34

How many abdominal thrusts should you give?

Answer 34

5

Question 35

What is urticaria?

Answer 35

Itchy rash

Question 36

At what rate should you administer CPR?

Answer 36

100 - 120

Question 37

Without supplementary oxygen, how much O2 will the patient inhale with a Laerdal pocket mask?

Answer 37

16% expired air This increases to 65-70% when supplementary oxygen is used

Question 38

What % of oxygen does the patient receive with a Hudson mask?

Answer 38

40% as they are known to have poor seals

Question 39

What % of oxygen will the patient receive with a non-rebreather mask?

Answer 39

60-90%

Question 40

What % of oxygen will the patient receive with a bag valve mask?

Answer 40

90 - 100% and oxygen should be set at 15L/Min

Question 41

What is the recommended flow rate for nasal cannulas?

Answer 41

4 - 5L/min