Medical Gas Therapy

Question 0

What causes Retinopathy of Prematurity in premature infants and neonate?

Answer 0

High PaO2 and not a high FIO2

Question 1

What are the hazards and complications of Oxygen Therapy?

Answer 1

Fire hazards, Retinopathy of Prematurity, O2 induced hypoventilation, O2 toxicity, and Absorption Atelectasis

Question 2

What is the treatment for patients affected by O2 induced hypoventilation?

Answer 2

Decrease level of inspired FIO2

Question 3

What causes Absorption Atelectasis?

Answer 3

Rapid changes in FIO2

Question 4

Which category are nasal cannulas, simple masks, and partial rebreather masks in?

Answer 4

Low flow devices

Question 5

What is the recommended flow rate for a simple mask?

Answer 5

6-10 L/min

Question 6

What type of patient is a nasal cannula most appropriate?

Answer 6

COPD patients and “comfort care”

Question 7

What is the recommended flow rate for a simple mask?

Answer 7

6-10 L/ min

Question 8

What are examples of High Flow Devices?

Answer 8

Non-rebreather Mask, Air Entrainment Mask/Venturi Mask, Brigg’s Adaptor/T-Piece, and aerosol mask, trach collar and face tent

Question 9

In what instances would a non-rebreather mask be appropriate?

Answer 9

Emergency situations, pneumos, CO poisoning, CHF, Burns

Question 10

In what cases should an Air Entrainment Mask be recommended?

Answer 10

Accuracy of FIO2, patients with irregular respiratory rates, breathing patterns and tidal volumes

Question 11

What happens to FIO2 if the Air Entrainment port size is increased?

Answer 11

FIO2 is decreased

Question 12

What happens to Total Flow if the Air Entrainment port size is increased?

Answer 12

Total flow increases

Question 13

If the flow through the oxygen outlet is increased or decreased, what happens to the FIO2 with an Air Entrainment Mask?

Answer 13

The FIO2 remains the same

Question 14

Which high flow system is ideal for COPD patients?

Answer 14

Air Entrainment Masks

Question 15

With a Brigg’s adaptor (T-Piece), what should be seen from the reservoir tubing during inspiration?

Answer 15

Aerosol should be seen

Question 16

What should be done if aerosol disappears from reservoir tubing in the Brigg’s adaptor?

Answer 16

1. Increase the flow
2. Add more reservoir tubing
3. Set up a device to provide more flow (blender, tandem set-up, change flow meter)

Question 17

What kind of patients are Oxygen Hoods used for?

Answer 17

Infants

Question 18

Which oxygen device is used for the administration if oxygen and high humidity?

Answer 18

Oxygen Hood

Question 19

What flow rates are recommended for an Oxygen Hood?

Answer 19

7-14 L/min

Question 20

What is the best way to monitor oxygen levels with an Oxygen Hood?

Answer 20

The preferred method is to analyze O2 continuously near the infant’s face

Question 21

What are some indications for the Oxygen Tent?

Answer 21

Indicated for pediatric patients requiring a controlled environment

Question 22

How will an RT know if a pediatric patient has fluid overload from a Oxygen Tent?

Answer 22

The patient will experience weight gain

Question 23

How might an RT recommend treating CO Poisoning, Decompression Sicknesses (bends) or Anaerobic Infections (gas gangrene)?

Answer 23

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy

Question 24

What level of atmospheric pressure are most HBO therapy conducted?

Answer 24

2-6 ATA

Question 25

What kind of therapy might benefit patients with increased airway resistance, edema, foreign object obstruction, or partial vocal cord paralysis?

Answer 25

Helium/Oxygen Therapy

Question 26

What device should be used to administer Helium/Oxygen Therapy?

Answer 26

Non-Rebreathing Masks

Question 27

When using an O2 flow meter to regulate flow, how is the causal flow calculated?

Answer 27

80/20 mixture: 1.8 times greater than the L/min | 70/30 mixture: 1.6 times greater than the L/min

Question 28

What kind of connections do H Cylinders utilize?

Answer 28

American Standard Safety System (ASSS)

Question 29

What kind of connections are utilized for E Cylinders?

Answer 29

Pin Index Safety System (PISS)

Question 30

If a tank is leaking, how should an RT troubleshoot for problems?

Answer 30

Check and tighten all connections, check outlet for debris, and check/replace washer

Question 31

If a patient states that no flow is sensed from the cannula, how should an RT troubleshoot the problem?

Answer 31

Verify the flow by inserting the cannula into a glass of water and checking for bubbles

Question 32

What is the formula to check the duration of flow for oxygen tanks and cylinders?

Answer 32

``` Gauge pressure (psi) x tank factor/ Liter flow ```

Question 33

Which tank has the tank factor or 0.3?

Answer 33

E Cylinder

Question 34

What tank has a tank factor of 3.0?

Answer 34

H Cylinder

Question 35

How long will a full E Cylinder last at a flow of 10 L/min?

Answer 35

66 min (I hr & 6 min)

Question 36

How long will an H Cylinder with 700 psig run at a flow rate of 5 LPM?

Answer 36

420 min (7 hours)

Question 37

What are the advantages of Liquid bulk oxygen?

Answer 37

1. Stores large quantities of oxygen that minimizes storage 2. Provides an unlimited supply of oxygen to patients 3. Backed up by a manifold system

Question 38

If a massive leak occurs after removing a flow meter, how might an RT troubleshoot the problem?

Answer 38

1. Try inserting it into the wall 2. Contact personnel and supply supplemental oxygen to patient 3. Turn off zone valve?

Question 39

How can an RT achieve a precise FIO2 with an oxygen blender?

Answer 39

It can be used with a non-rebreather mask to achieve a precise FIO2

Question 40

What are the Air to Oxygen Entrainment & Total Flow Factors for FIO2 concentrations of 28, 35, 40, 60, and 100?

Answer 40

``` 28=11 35=5.6 40=4 60=2 100=1 ```

Question 41

How does Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy improve the oxygenation status of patients?

Answer 41

It increases the partial pressure of oxygen