Medical Imaging: Cardiac and Vascular Flashcards
Describe the system of interpreting a chest x-ray
R: Rotation (clavicular heads in relation to spinous processes)
I: Inspiration
P: Penetration
E: Entire field covered?
A: Airway (deviated?)
B: Bones and tissues
C: Cardia: normal outline? aortic notch present?
D: Diaphragm (hemidiaphragmatic palsy?)
E: Edges of pleura (pneumothorax?)
F: Fields of lungs
G: Gastric bubble (correct side?)
H: Hila (lymphadenopathy?)
I: Instruments and wires
Which image details should be checked inititally on an xray?
Patient name
D.O.B
Hospital/NHS number
Image aquisition date and time
Type of study:
- Frontal/lateral
- AP/PA
- Supine/erect
What does this x-ray show?
Tension pneumothorax
Heart shifted to right
Tracheal deviation to right
Left lung compressed
What does this x-ray show?
Posterior rib fracture and pneumothorax
What does this xray show?
Left hemidiaphragmatic palsy
(likely surgical complication- note surgical clips top left)
What does this xray show?
Left pneumothorax
What does this xray show?
Cavitating pneumonia
What does this xray show?
What could this indicate?
Hilar lymphadenopathy
- ? Tuberculosis
- ? Lymphoma
- ? Sarcoidosis
What does this xray show?
Right pleural effusion
What is a pleural effusion?
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space
Caused by:
- Transudate:
- Low albumin state
- Congestive cardiac failure
- Exudate:
- Pneumonia
- Empyema
- Malignancy
What does this xray show?
Cardiomegaly
Increased opacity
Enlargement of hilar blood vessels
= CCF and pulmonary oedema
What does this xray show?
Aortic notch widened & loss of normal position.
What does this CT show?
Aortic dissection (normal aorta is small section closer to the midline, rest is a false lumen)
Dark line is intimal flap, intima has been forced apart from the vessel wall
Renal cysts also
What does this xray show? (pt has presented with abdominal pain)
Perforated bowel (xray is taken in erect position, free air present which rises to underneath the diapragm)
