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HE100 > Medical Language > Flashcards

Medical Language Flashcards

(121 cards)

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1
Q

Pericarditis is a condition characterized by:

A

inflammation around the heart

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2
Q

Lying with the anterior section of the body down is known as:

A

the prone position

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3
Q

What are the language skills?

A
  1. reading
  2. listening
  3. thinking, analyzing, understanding
  4. writing (spelling)
  5. speaking (pronouncing)
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4
Q

Which language skills are involved with input and receiving?

A

reading and listening

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5
Q

Which language skills are involved with outputting and relaying?

A

writing and speaking

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6
Q

What are the 3 word parts?

A

combing form, prefix and suffix

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7
Q

Combining form?

A

Foundation of the word (root word)
□ Main medical meaning, often a body part
Most medical words contain a combing form
May contain 2 or more combing forms

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8
Q

Examples of combing forms?

A
  • Muscul/o (muscle)
    • Gastro/o (stomach)
    • Hepat/o (liver)
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9
Q

Prefix?

A

Beginning of the word (optional)
□ Modifies or clarifies medical meaning
□ Single letter or group of letter - ends with hyphen
May contain 2 prefixes

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10
Q

Examples of prefixes?

A
  • Intra- (within)
    • Hyper- (above, more than normal)
    • Anti- (against)
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11
Q

Suffix?

A

End of the word
□ Modifies or clarifies medical meaning/single letter in group of letters- begin with hyphen
Most medical words contain a suffice
May contain 2 suffixes

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12
Q

Examples of Suffix?

A

-Ary
-itis
-logy

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13
Q

cardi/o -logy forms what medical term and what is the definition?

A

cardiology
study of the heart

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14
Q

hyper- thyroid/o- -ism forms what medical term and what is the definition?

A

hyperthyroidism
disease of overactive thyroid

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15
Q

append/o -ectomy forms what medical term and what is the definition?

A

appendectomy
surgical removal of the appendix

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16
Q

Learning the Language consists of what?

A

· Anatomy and physiology (word meaning)
· Memorization (prefix, suffix)
· Practice!
· Reading = writing
· Listening = speaking

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17
Q

What is disease?

A

Change in the structure of function of the body
□ Continuum of severity, duration
· Cause or origin of disease - “etiology”
□ Diagnostic procedures determine or confirm causation
E.g. lab tests, diagnostic imaging

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18
Q

What does Idiopathic mean?

A

having no known cause

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19
Q

What are some classifications of disease?

A

congenital
hereditary
degenerative
infectious
neoplastic
latrogenic

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20
Q

Congenital disease?

A

Caused by abnormality in developing fetus of abnormal process in pregnancy/ childbirth

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21
Q

Hereditary disease?

A

genetic inheritance

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22
Q

Degenerative disease?

A

progressive disease over time

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23
Q

Infectious disease?

A

caused by a pathogen

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24
Q

Neoplastic disease?

A

caused by growth of tumour or mass

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25
Iatrogenic disease?
caused by medical treatment
26
What is diagnosis?
identification and description of the nature and cause of a disease or condition · Signs and symptoms (S & S)
27
What are signs and symptoms?
Symptom - change In health status experienced by patient Signs - symptom seen or detached by others
28
Symptomology?
clinical picture of S & S
29
What is the process of diagnosis?
Symptoms - history - clinical exam - diagnosis
30
What is working diagnosis and asymptomatic?
"Working diagnosis" - diagnostic procedures, referral · Asymptomatic - without symptoms
31
What happens during the clinical exam
Evaluation of presenting signs and symptoms □ Talk to your patient □ Inspection, palpation, auscultation and percussion □ Vital signs □ Anthropometric measures
32
Inspection?
To see (physical appearance of the patient and body)
33
Auscultation?
To hear (sound the patient makes, congestion, sore throat etc)
34
Palpation?
looking and listening ( looking for when patient reacts and listening for "ow" )
35
Percussion?
works with palpation (using instruments to assess)
36
What are vital signs?
Body temperature (fever, cold), 36.5-37.5 degrees is normal Pulse (heart rate), 60-80 Respiration (breathing rate), 12-18 breaths per minute Blood pressure, 120/80 Pain Emotional distress
37
What are Anthropometric measures?
□ Height and weight - body mass index (BMI) □ Girth measurements ▪ Head/waists circumference
38
What is onset disease?
acute vs chronic Sudden onset of severe symptoms vs symptoms develop and worsened over time
39
What is Course of disease?
Exacerbation: sudden worsening of S & S Remission: disappearance or improvement in S& S
40
What are Outcomes of disease?
1. Therapeutic - S & S resolve 2. Refractory - S & S do not respond to treatment □ Recuperation, residual disease/disability, death
41
What is prognosis?
predicted outcomes □ Progression of disease □ Prospect for recovery
42
What is prognosis based on?
Presenting signs and symptoms Severity duration Treatment options What we know about the course of disease
43
How many approaches are there for studying the body?
7
44
What are the 7 different approaches for studying the body?
1. Body plans and body directions 2. Body cavities 3. Body quadrants and regions 4. Anatomy and physiology 5. Microscopic and macroscopic 6. Body system 7. Medical specialities
45
What is the anatomical position?
Standing Head is up Eyes looking forward Arms by side Palms facing forward Legs are straight Toes pointing forward Reference positions to divide body into planes
46
What are body planes and body directions?
Body in anatomical position Can be studied by diving it with planes
47
Body planes?
Imaginary flat surfaces (like a plate of glass) Divides the body into two parts
48
What are the 3 body planes?
Coronal plane, sagittal plane, transverse plane
49
Body directions?
Represent movement away from or toward those planes
50
What is coronal plane?
frontal plane Vertical plane - divides body into front and back sections Named for coronal suture in cranium
51
Coronal Plane & Body Directions?
· Front of the body □ Anterior or ventral section (front of body, chest) · Back of the body: □ Posterior or dorsal section (back)
52
What is the prone position?
Lying with the anterior section of the body down
53
What is the dorsal or supine position?
Lying with the posterior section of the body down
54
Posteroanterior Direction?
x-ray of anterior using posterior (x-ray of lungs)
55
What is the sagittal plane?
Vertical plane - divides the body into right and left sections Named for sagittal suture in the cranium
56
Sagittal Plane and Body Directions?
Moving from the side of the body toward the midline □ Moving in a medial direction, or medially (moving in from chest) Moving from the midline toward the side of the body □ Moving in a lateral direction or laterally (moving out from midline) Bilateral - both sides
57
What is the transverse plane?
Horizontal plane - divides body into upper and lower sections Upper half of body is superior section, lower half is inferior
58
Transverse Plane & Body Directions?
Moving toward the head is moving in a superior direction, or superiorly ▪ Cephalad direction Moving toward the tail bone is moving in an inferior direction or inferiorly ▪ Caudad direction
59
What are other body directions and locations?
Proximal (moving up to attachment) and distal (moving down from attachment) Superficial (external part of body- skin) Deep (internal part of body - organs)
60
What are body cavities?
Human body can be studied to its body cavities and their hollow space surrounded by bones or muscles
61
What are the types of body cavities?
cranial spinal mediastinum * thoracic diaphragm abdominal pelvic
62
Cranial cavity?
houses the brain and nervous innervation, sensory and motor
63
Spinal cavity?
spinal cords and nerves
64
Thoracic cavity?
lungs
65
Abdominal cavity?
abdomen, intestines, stomach, separated by diaphragm, extends immediately to pelvis
66
Pelvic cavity?
male and female reproductive organs, urinary tract
67
What are Body Quadrants and Regions?
Human body can be studied according to its quadrants and regions (anatomical position) Anterior surface of abdominopelvic area divided into 4 quadrants or 9 region (right upper and lower, left upper and lower)
68
a- ?
away from, without
69
anti -
against
70
bi -
two
71
poly -
many, much
72
brady -
slow
73
tachy -
fast
74
epi -
upon, above
75
sub-
below, underneath
76
inter-
between
77
intra -
within
78
peri -
around
79
hyper -
above , more than normal
80
hypo -
below, deficient
81
pre-
before, in front of
82
post -
after, behind
83
eu -
normal, good
84
mal -
bad, inadequate
85
dys -
painful, difficult abnormal
86
- ac
pertaining to
87
- ectomy
surgical removal
88
- scope
instrument used to examine
89
-scopy
process of using an instrument to examine
90
- gram
a record or picture
91
- graph
process of recording
92
- ics
knowledge, practice
93
-logy
the study of
94
-ism
process, disease from a specific cause
95
-ist
one who specializes in
96
- itis
inflammation of
97
-megaly
enlargement
98
-metry
process of measuring
99
-oma
tumor or mass
100
-osis
condition, process
101
-pathy
disease
102
abdomin/o-
abdomen
103
append/o-
appendix
104
arteri/o-
artery
105
arthr/o-
joint
106
cardi/o-
heart
107
colon/o-
colon
108
derm/o-
skin
109
gastr/o-
stomach
110
intestin/o-
intestine
111
mamm/o-
breast
112
oste/o-
bone
113
muscul/o-
muscle
114
hepato/o-
liver
115
neur/o-
nerve
116
pelv/o-
pelvis
117
psych/o-
mind
118
pneumon/o-
lung, air
119
tens/o-
pressure, tension
120
uter/o-
uterus
121
ven/o-
vein

HE100 (6 decks)

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