Medical Overview

Question 1

Common respiratory emergencies

Answer 1

asthma, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis

Question 2

Common cardiovascular emergencies

Answer 2

Heart attacks (MI) or congestive heart failure (CHF)

Question 3

Common neurologic emergencies

Answer 3

seizure, stroke, syncope

Question 4

Common GI emergencies

Answer 4

appendicitis, diverticulitis, pancreatitis

Question 5

Common urologic emergencies

Answer 5

kidney stones, bladder infection

Question 6

Common endocrine emergencies

Answer 6

diabetes mellitus

Question 7

Common hematologic emergencies

Answer 7

sickle cell disease, clotting disorders like hemophilia

Question 8

Common immunologic emergencies

Answer 8

anaphylactic reactions

Question 9

Common toxicologic emergencies

Answer 9

substance abuse; food, plant, or chemical poisoning

Question 10

Common behavioral emergencies

Answer 10

Alzheimer’s, schizophrenia, depression, suicide

Question 11

Common gynecologic emergencies

Answer 11

vaginal bleeding, STDs, pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy

Question 12

What is an infectious disease

Answer 12

medical condition caused by growth and spread of small, harmful organisms within the body

Question 13

What is a communicable disease

Answer 13

disease that can be spread from one person or species to another

Question 14

Describe an epidemic

Answer 14

occurs when new cases of a disease ina human population substantially exceed the number expected based on recent experience

Question 15

How is influenza spread?

Answer 15

Transmitted by direct contact with nasal secretions and aerosolized droplets from coughing and sneezing by infected people

Question 16

What is hepatitis?

Answer 16

inflammation and often infection of the liver

Question 17

Describe signs of hepatitis

Answer 17

loss of appetitie, vomiting, fever, fatigue, sore throat, cough, and muscle/joint pain. Jaundice and URQ abdominal pain may develop several weeks later

Question 18

How is hep A spread?

Answer 18

fecal-oral, infected food or drink

Question 19

How is hep B spread?

Answer 19

blood, sexual contact, saliva, urine, breast milk

Question 20

How is hep C spread?

Answer 20

blood, sexual contact

Question 21

How is hep D spread?

Answer 21

blood, sexual contact

Question 22

What is meningitis and what are the signs?

Answer 22

inflammation of meningeal coverings of brain and spinal cord. Key signs include fever, headache, stiff neck, and altered mental status

Question 23

Signs of menigococcal meningitis

Answer 23

flu like symptoms, high fever, photophobia, severe headache, and stiff neck. May also have red blotches on skin

Question 24

Signs and route of transmission of whooping cough

Answer 24

airbone disease caused by bacteria mostly in children under 6. Signs include fever and a whoop sound that occurs when patient tries to inhale after a coughing attack

Question 25

What is MRSA and how is it spread?

Answer 25

MRSA is a bacterium that causes infections. Resistant to many antibiotics. In health care settings, MRSA is transmitted from patient to patient by health care providers’ unwashed hands

Question 26

Signs of MRSA

Answer 26

may involve localized skin abscesses and sepsis with older patients

Question 27

What is MERS-CoV?

Answer 27

virus commonly found in camels and bats in middle east. symptoms include high fever, cough, muscle aches, vomiting, and diarrhea. In some cases, renal and respiratory failure

Question 28

What is Ebola?

Answer 28

Virus from West Africa . Incubation is 6-12 days with symptoms showing up to 21 days after infection. Symptoms include watery diarrhea, vomiting, body aches, fever, and bleeding

Question 29

What is croup + key signs

Answer 29

upper airway infection, typically in toddlers. Stridor and seal bark-like cough key sign

Question 30

Describe epiglottitis + signs

Answer 30

bacterial infection causing epiglottis to swell. mostly in infants and children. Often found in tripod +droooling

Question 31

What is pneumonia

Answer 31

A general term to describe infection of the lungs. Causes impaired O2 + CO2 exhange

Question 32

What is pertussis?

Answer 32

airborne bacterial infection affecting kids < 6. Fever and whoop sound on inspiration after coughing fit.

Question 33

What is Cushing's triad?

Answer 33

Irregular respirations, decreased heart rate, and widened pulse pressure. Symptoms indicative of increased intracranial pressure.