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Respiratory Emergencies Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

Signs of normal breathing

A

12-20 resp for adult, 15-30 for children
regular pattern of inhalation/exhalation
clear and equal breath sounds on both sides
regular and equal chest rise
adequate depth(tidal vol)
unlabored, without abnormal sounds

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2
Q

Signs of Inadequate breathing

A

reports SOA

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3
Q

Signs/symptoms of asthma

A

wheezing on inspiration/expiration
bronchospasm

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4
Q

Signs/symptoms of anaphylaxis

A

flushed skin or hives
generalized edema
dec. BP
laryngeal edema with dyspnea
wheezing or stridor

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5
Q

Signs/symptoms of Bronchiolitis

A

SOA
wheezing
coughing
fever
dehydration
tachypnea
tachycardia

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6
Q

Signs/symptoms of bronchitis

A

chronic cough(w/sputum production)
wheezing
cyanosis
tachypnea

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7
Q

Signs/symptoms of CHF

A

dependent (lower extremity) edema
crackles (pulmonary edema)
orthopnea
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

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8
Q

Signs/symptoms of common cold

A

cough
runny or stuffy nose
sore throat

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9
Q

Signs/symptoms of COVID-19

A

cough
fever
dyspnea
chest pain
anosmia (inability to smell)

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10
Q

Signs/symptoms of croup

A

fever
barking cough
stridor
mostly in children

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11
Q

Signs/symptoms of diphtheria

A

difficulty breathing and swallowing
sore throat
thick gray buildup in throat or nose
fever

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12
Q

Signs/symptoms of emphysema

A

barrel chest
pursed lip breathing
dyspnea on exertion
cyanosis
wheezing/dec. breath sounds
mostly in older patients

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13
Q

Signs/symptoms of Epiglottitis

A

dyspnea
high fever
stridor
drooling
difficulty swallowing
severe sore throat
tripod or sniffing position
mostly in children

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14
Q

Signs/symptoms of Influenza A

A

cough
fever
sore throat
fatigue

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15
Q

Signs/symptoms of Pertussis

A

coughing spells
whooping sound
fever

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16
Q

Signs/symptoms of Pneumonia

A

dyspnea
chills, fever
cough
green, red, or rust colored sputum
localized wheezing or crackles

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17
Q

Signs/symptoms of pneumothorax

A

sudden chest pain with dyspnea
dec. breath sounds (on affected side)
subcutaneous emphysema

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18
Q

Signs/symptoms of pulmonary embolus

A

Dyspnea
occasionally will have sharp chest pain
sudden onset
tachycardia
clear breath sounds initially

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19
Q

Signs/symptoms of tension pneumothorax

A

severe SOA
diminished or absent breath sounds on one side
Dec./altered level on consciousness
neck vein distention
tracheal deviation
hypotension, signs of shock

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20
Q

Signs/symptoms of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

A

cough
wheezing
fever
dehydration

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21
Q

Signs/symptoms of Tuberculosis (TB)

A

cough
fever
fatigue
productive/bloody sputum

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22
Q

What is hypoxia?

A

a condition in which the body’s cells and tissues are not getting enough oxygen

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23
Q

Signs/symptoms of COPD

A

chronic production of sputum, chronic cough, difficulty expelling air from lungs, may have lung sounds (bronchi, wheezing, crackles) and diminished lung sounds

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24
Q

What is asthma?

A

Acute spasm of smaller air passages (bronchioles), associated with excessive mucus production and swelling of the mucus membranes

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25
What can cause asthma?
allergic reaction to foods or allergens or severe emotional distress, exercise, and respiratory infections
26
What is wheezing indicative of?
lower airway obstruction
27
What characterizes anaphylactic reactions and signs?
airway swelling, dilation of blood vessels all over body which may lower bp, widespread hives, itching, signs of shock
28
What do you treat anaphylaxis with?
epinephrine, oxygen therapy, and antihistamines
29
What is pneumothorax?
accumulation of air in pleural space
30
What is pleuritic chest pain?
a sharp stabbing pain on one side that is worse during inspiration and expiration or with certain movement of the chest wall.
31
what signs/symptoms may patient state in spontaneous pneumothorax?
dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain
32
Describe pleural effusion
Collection of fluid outside the lung(s). Compresses lung and causes dyspnea. Can stem from irritation, infection, congestive heart failure, or cancer
33
What is a pulmonary embolism?
a blood clot formed in a vein, usually legs or pelvis, the breaks off and circulates through the venous system. Can also come from the right atrium in a patient with Afib. It obstructs the pulmonary artery and prevents gas exchange in the lungs
34
Signs/symptoms of a pulmonary embolism
Dyspnea Tachycardia Tachypnea Varying degrees of hypoxia Cyanosis Acute chest pain Hemoptysis(coughing up blood)
35
What is hyperventilation?
rapid breathing to the point that the level of arterial CO2 falls below normal
36
Signs of carbon monoxide poisoning
flu-like - headache, dizziness, fatigue, and nausea/vomiting. may report dyspnea on exertion and chest pain neurological - impaired judgment, confusion, hallucinations
37
How do you treat carbon monoxide poisoning
if conscious, NRB if unconscious or altered LOC, airway adjunct and BVM
38
What is wheezing indicative of?
constriction and/or inflammation in the bronchus
39
What are crackles (rales)?
sounds of air trying to pass through fluid in alveoli. crackling or bubbling sound on inspiration
40
What is rhonchi?
low pitched rattling sounds caused by secretions or mucus in the larger airway
41
What is stridor?
high pitched sound heard on inspiration as air tries to pass though an obstruction in upper airway
42
What diseases are associated with wheezing?
asthma COPD CHF/pulmonary edema pneumonia bronchitis anaphylaxis
43
What diseases are associated with rhonchi?
COPD pneumonia bronchitis
44
What diseases are associated with crackles?
CHF/pulmonary edema pneumonia
45
What diseases are associated with stridor?
croup epiglottitis
46
What diseases are associated with decreased or absent breath sounds?
asthma COPD pneumonia hemothorax pneumothorax atelectasis
47
What are signs of COPD?
Patient older than 50 years of age History of lung problems Active or former cigarette smoker Tightness in chest Constant fatigue Barrel-like appearance to chest Use of accessory muscles Abnormal breath sounds
48
State the contraindications for medications in respiratory patients
pt. is unable to help coordinate inhalation or too confused to effectively administer medication MDI or nebulizer is not prescribed for this pt. no permission from med control or under local protocols pt has already taken max dose before your arrival medication is expired other contraindication specific to the medication
49
How to treat asthma?
Be prepared to suction. Assist asthma patient with prescribed inhaler. Provide aggressive airway management, oxygen, and prompt transport
50
How to treat anaphylaxis?
Remove the offending agent. Maintain the airway Transport rapidly. Administer epinephrine. Treatment of Specific Conditions
51
How to treat spontaneous pneumothorax?
Provide supplemental oxygen. Transport promptly. Monitor carefully
52
How to treat pleural effusion?
Fluid removal must be done in hospital. Provide oxygen. Transport promptly
53
How to treat obstruction of the airway?
Obstruction of airway Partial obstruction: Provide supplemental oxygen and transport. Complete obstruction: Clear obstruction and administer oxygen. Transport rapidly to emergency department
54
How to treat hyperventilation?
Complete primary assessment and gather history. Do not have patient breathe into paper bag. Reassure the patient and provide supplemental oxygen. transport promptly.
55
How to treat environmental/industrial exposure?
Ensure patients are decontaminated. Treat with oxygen, adjuncts, and suction based on presentation
56
How to treat foreign body aspiration?
Clear the airway. Provide oxygen and transport
57
How to treat tracheostomy dysfunction?
Position comfortably. Suction to clear the obstruction. Provide oxygen
58
How to treat asthma?
Provide blow-by oxygen. Use MDI
59
What are Kussmaul respirations
deep, rapid breaths often seen in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis, not with trauma or head injury
60
What are Cheyne-Stokes Respirations?
irregular breathing pattern often seen in patients with head injuries or strokes. This pattern is characterized by cycles of increasing rate and depth of breathing followed by periods of apnea.
61
Name the formula for minute volume
Minute volume = Tidal volume x Respiratory Rate
62
What does paradoxical movement of the chest mean?
One side of the chest rises while the other does not. AKA flail segment/flail chest

EMT (11 decks)

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