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MF2 Microbiology > Medical Parasitology > Flashcards

Medical Parasitology Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

7 risk factors for parasitic disease

A

Domicile/traveler in endemic zones
Consumption of raw or incompletely cooked food
Barefoot exposure to soil
Exposure to fresh water
Blood to blood exposures (blood transfusions, IV drug use)
Sexual activity
Immunocompromised

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2
Q

Type of host that harbors adult parasite; is where reproduction takes place

A

Definitive host

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3
Q

Type of host that harbors larval forms; is where asexual reproduction takes place but adults do not develop

A

Intermediate hosts

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4
Q

Infection passed from an animal to a human

A

Zoonotic

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5
Q

A zoonotic infection describes this

A

Passed from animal to a human

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6
Q

2 types of vectors

A

Mechanical or biological

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7
Q

Are protozoans or metazoans single-celled organisms?

A

Protozoans

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8
Q

Are protozoans or metazoans multicellular organisms?

A

Metazoans

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9
Q

4 relevant phyla of protozoans

A

Amoebozoa
Flagellates
Ciliates
Apicomplexans (aka Sporozoans or Coccidians)

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10
Q

Protozoan or Metazoan:
Amoebozoa (include Loboseans and Heteroloboseans)

A

Protozoan

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11
Q

Protozoan or Metazoan:
Flagellates (include Diplomonads, Parabasalids, and Kinetoplastids)

A

Protozoan

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12
Q

Protozoan or Metazoan:
Ciliates (Ciliophora)

A

Protozoan

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13
Q

Protozoan or Metazoan:
Apicomplexans (aka Sporozoans or Coccidians)

A

Protozoan

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14
Q

Protozoan or Metazoan:
Nemathelminths (roundworms)

A

Metazoan

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15
Q

Protozoan or Metazoan:
Platyhelmintes (flatworms)

A

Metazoan

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16
Q

Other names for roundworms

A

Nematodes, Nemathelminthes

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17
Q

Other name for flatworms

A

Platyhelmintes

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18
Q

2 subdivisions of Platyhelminthes (flatworms)

A

Cestodes (tapeworms) and Trematodes (Flukes)

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19
Q

Other name for cestodes

A

Tapeworms

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20
Q

Other name for trematodes

A

Flukes

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21
Q

Other name for tapeworms

A

Cestodes

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22
Q

Other name for Flukes

A

Trematodes

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23
Q

Other name for flatworms

A

Platyhelminthes

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24
Q

Protozoans typically require a large amount of this

A

Moisture

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25
Majority of protozoans are _______
free-living Found in marine, fresh water and terrestrial habitats
26
Protozoans are an important part of the food chain because of this function
Are essential decomposers
27
Do protozoans have a cell wall?
No
28
Are protozoans eukaryotic or prokaryotic?
Eukaryotic
29
Do protozoans have chloroplasts?
No
30
Do protozoans have structures for movement?
Yes Cilia, flagella, or pseudopodia
31
Protozoan vegetative or feeding form
Trophozoite
32
Protozoan resting form
Cyst
33
Trophozoite is this form of protozoan
Vegetative or feeding form
34
Cyst is this form of protozoan
Resting form
35
Most common mode of protozoan reproduction
Binary fission
36
Process where the nucleus divides numerous times then the cell produces numerous single-celled organisms Many protozoans replicate via this mechanism
Schizogony
37
Schizogony is a method of reproduction involving many fissions, and is used by this type of microorganism
Protozoans
38
3 mechanisms of entry for protozoan infections
Ingestion Sexual transmission Via arthropods
39
Protozoan pathogenesis involves these 2 main effects
Tissue damage Release of toxins
40
Amoebozoa move by this
Pseudopodia
41
Amoebozoa possess this many nuclei per cell
1-2
42
Amoebozoa replicate by this
binary fission
43
Amoebozoa ingest by this
Endocytosis
44
2 groups of Amoebozoa
Loboseans and Heteroloboseans
45
Flexible body form of Amoebozoa
Ameboid
46
Group of Amoebozoa that extend and retract pseudopodia Engulf food particles by phagocytosis
Loboseans
47
Group of Amoebozoa that are ameboid (flexible body form), also form flagellated cells
Heteroloboseans
48
Do flagellated protists have mitochondria?
No
49
How do flagellated protists reproduce?
Asexually
50
Flagellated protist that typically have 2 nuclei and reside in stagnant water low in O2 or in anaerobic conditions inside hosts
Diplomonads
51
Flagellated protists that live within the host Some cause disease; a few also reproduce sexually Hydrogenosome produces some ATP while generating hydrogen
Parabasalids
52
Flagellated protist that have at least one flagellum Distinctive complex mass of DNA in their large single mitochondrion
Kinetoplastids
53
Protozoans that move by cilia coating the cell Form cysts under adverse conditions
Ciliates (Ciliophora)
54
Ciliates possess this many nuclei per cell
1-2
55
Ciliates replicate via this
Binary fission
56
Ciliates ingest nutrients through this
Cytostome
57
Ciliates excrete waste through this
Anal pore
58
Protozoans that ingest nutrients through cytostome and excrete waste through anal pore
Ciliates (Ciliophora)
59
Protozoans that are intracellular parasites Apical complex at one end; helps penetrate membrane of host cells Many have complex life cycles, alternate between sexual and asexual forms
Apicocomplexans (Sporozoans or Coccidians)
60
Apicomplexans have this which helps penetrate membrane of host cells
Apical complex at one end
61
Metazoans that multicellular, complex organisms Have rudimentary nervous and digestive systems Have outer covering (cuticle) that is shed at the beginning of each developmental stage (molt) Use sexual reproduction (egg laying); males and females may be separate individuals or in the same organism (hermaphroditic) Are highly allergenic
Helminths
62
Helminths have this outer covering that is shed at the beginning of each developmental stage (molt)
Cuticle
63
What is a cuticle?
Outer covering that is shed at the beginning of each developmental stage (molt) in helminths
64
Reproduction mechanism of helminths
Sexual reproduction
65
Parasitic helminths that are male and female
Nematodes aka roundworms
66
Parasitic helminths that are hermaphroditic
Cestodes aka tapeworms Also often trematodes aka flukes
67
4 mechanisms of helminth entry into the body
By intermediate host Fecal-oral Skin penetration Injection by blood-sucking insect
68
Helminth with long, cylindrical, narrow bodies Exist as separate sexes Have digestive tracts Transmission, either the egg or the larvae can be infectious unit
Nematode
69
Shape of nematodes
Long, cylindrical, narrow bodies Roundworms
70
Helminths with flattened body surfaces Are hermaphroditic Possess or lack digestive tracts Possess hooks and/or suckers for attaching to tissues
Platyhelminths (flatworms)
71
Shape of platyhelminths
Flattened body surfaces (Flatworms)
72
Sexes of nematodes
Exist as separate sexes
73
Sexes of platyhelminths
Hermaphroditic (except for blood flukes)
74
Platyhelminths that possess digestive tracts
Flukes / Trematodes
75
Platyhelminths that lack digestive tracts
Cestodes (tapeworms)
76
Platyhelminths that possess hooks for attaching to tissues
Cestodes (tapeworms)
77
Platyhelminths that possess suckers for attaching to tissues
Cestodes (tapeworms) and Trematodes (flukes)
78
Humans are this type of host for intestinal cestodes and tapeworms
Definitive hosts Become infected by ingesting larvae; adult worms live in the intestine
79
Humans are this type of host for tissue cestodes
Intermediate hosts Become infected by ingesting eggs; larvae live in tissues
80
Helminths with bilateral symmetry and leaf-shaped Suckers to hold as well as suck fluid Most are hermaphroditic Snail can be intermediate host
Trematodes
81
Shape of trematodes
Bilateral symmetry and leaf-shaped
82
Common intermediate host for trematodes
Snail
83
Term for microbes that live on/in us Faithful to one host
Parasitic
84
Term for microbes that feed on us intermittently Important as vectors
Predatory
85
Term for microbes that physically spread germs
Polluting

MF2 Microbiology (5 decks)

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