Medical Protocols

Question 1

Potential causes of acute abdominal pain

Answer 1

• Appendicitis
• Cholecystitis
• Bowel Perforation
• Diverticulitis
• Abdominal Aortic Aneurism
• Ectopic Pregnancy
• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
• Pancreatitis

Question 2

EMT Standing orders for Abdominal Pain (Adult & Pediatric)

Answer 2

’- Consider 12 lead ECG for upper abdominal or epigastric pain
- Nothing by mouth, other than sublingual medication
- Position of comfort

Question 3

EMT Standing orders for Adrenal Insufficiency (Adult & Pediatric)

Answer 3

• Routine Patient Care
• Identify and treat the underlying condition
• Consider paramedic intercept

Question 4

What is Adrenal Insufficiency?

Answer 4

The body does not produce the essential life-sustaining hormones cortisol and aldosterone

Question 5

What are common causes of chronic Adrenal Insufficiency?

Answer 5

• Congenital or acquired disorders of the adrenal and/or pituitary glands
• Long-term use of steroids (COPD, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, and transplant patients)

Question 6

EMT Standing orders for Anaphylaxis/Allergic Reaction (Adult)

Answer 6

• Routine Patient Care
• Administer epinephrine
• For respiratory symptoms/wheezing consider albuterol nebulizer

Question 7

What are requirements for an Anaphylaxis diagnosis?

Answer 7

Potential allergen exposure AND any two of the following:
- Angioedema: facial/lip/tongue swelling, throat tightening, voice change
- Breathing: Shortness of breath, wheezing, stridor, cyanosis
- Poor perfusion: hypotension, altered mental status, syncope, delayed capillary refill
- Skin: Hives, itching, extremity swelling, erythema
- Gastrointestinal: vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea

Question 8

Adult Anaphylaxis epinephrine dosage

Answer 8

• Adult epinephrine autoinjector 0.3mg IM -or-
• epinephrine 1 mg/1 ml - 0.3 mg (0.3 mL) IM

Question 9

Pediatric Anaphylaxis epinephrine dosage

Answer 9

• Pediatric epinephrine autoinjector 0.15 mg IM < 25 kg, Adult epinephrine autoinjector 0.3 mg IM > 25 kg -or-
• epinephrine 1 mg/1 ml - 0.15 mg (0.15 mL) IM < 25 kg, epinephrine 1 mg/1 ml - 0.3 mg (0.3 mL) IM > 25 kg

Question 10

Anaphylaxis epinephrine repeat dosage

Answer 10

• If signs and symptoms don’t resolve in 5 minutes, can give one more dose
• For additional dosing after that consult Medical Control

Question 11

Anaphylaxis albuterol dosage

Answer 11

albuterol 2.5 mg via nebulizer (Adult & Pediatric)

Question 12

Adult Anaphylaxis albuterol repeat dosage

Answer 12

Repeat albuterol 2.5 mg every five minutes (4 doses total) (Adult & Pediatric)

Question 13

Anaphylaxis epinephrine injection location

Answer 13

Anterolateral thigh