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Pass_with_Pass > Medical Terminology > Flashcards

Medical Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Aerobic

A

The presence of air or oxygen

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2
Q

Agonist

A

to enhance an expected response

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3
Q

Anaerobic

A

the absence of air or oxygen

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4
Q

Aniscoria

A

a condition characterized by unequal pupil size

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5
Q

Antagonist

A

to inhibit or counteract the effects of other drugs or undesired effects

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6
Q

Anion

A

an ion with a negative charge

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7
Q

Aphasia

A

inability or difficulty in speaking

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8
Q

Apnea

A

the cessation of spontaneous respirations

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9
Q

Ascites

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

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10
Q

Ataxia

A

failure of muscle coordination

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11
Q

Atrophy

A

shrinkage of a cell or muscle

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12
Q

Aura

A

sensation (may be visual, smell, taste, etc.) that may precede a migraine or seizure

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13
Q

Benign

A

nonmalignant, often not problematic

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14
Q

Bile

A

secreted by the liver, stored in gallbladder

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15
Q

Blebs

A

collection of air between the lung and visceral pleura that can result in spontaneous pneumothorax

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16
Q

Bruit

A

an abnormal sound or murmur due to a narrowing of the vessel

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17
Q

Bursa

A

a sac containing synovial fluid that helps ease friction between tendons and bone

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18
Q

Carcinogens

A

cancer-causing agents

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19
Q

Cartilage

A

smooth and firm connective tissue

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20
Q

Cation

A

an ion with a positive charge

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21
Q

Cell

A

basic unit of life

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22
Q

Cerumen

A

ear wax found in external ear canal

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23
Q

Chyme

A

mass of partially digested food passed from stomach to the duodenum

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24
Q

Cilia

A

small, hair-life structures

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25
Q

Coma

A

deep state of unconsciousness, unarousable

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26
Q

Confabulation

A

made up stories to fill in gaps of lost memory

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27
Q

Congenital

A

present at birth

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28
Q

Contrecoup

A

occurs at a site opposite of the side of impact

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29
Q

Crepitus

A

a grating sound or sensation often caused by bone on bone rubbing, or with inflammation in joints

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30
Q

Dehydration

A

An excessive loss of water or fluids from the body

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31
Q

Demarcation

A

line or visible mark between living and necrotic tissues

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32
Q

Dendrites

A

found at the end of neurons, allows propagation of message towards cell body

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33
Q

Dentalgia

A

is a toothache

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34
Q

Dermatomes

A

specific area that is supplied by a single spinal nerve

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35
Q

Dysarthria

A

poor articulation of speech. Often due to affected muscles used in speaking

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36
Q

Dysarthria

A

poor articulation of speech. Often due to affected muscles used in speaking

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37
Q

Dyskinesia

A

disorder related to involuntary muscle movements

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38
Q

Dysplasia

A

abnormal growth of a cell

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39
Q

Dysphagia

A

difficulty in swallowing

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40
Q

Dysuria

A

difficult or painful urination

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41
Q

Edema

A

excess fluid in the interstitial spaces

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42
Q

Epidemic

A

a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time

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43
Q

Erythrocytes

A

red blood cells

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44
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

a carrier-mediated process moving substances from areas of high concentration to low concentration

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45
Q

Fascia

A

connective tissue that surrounds or separates muscles

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46
Q

Fecalith

A

fecal impaction in the colon

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47
Q

Fibrinogen

A

blood protein used in clotting cascade

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48
Q

Frailty

A

characterized by exhaustion, slowed performance, weakness, weight loss, low physical activity, often seen in the elderly

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49
Q

Gait

A

walking around or moving on foot

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50
Q

Ganglia

A

a group of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system

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51
Q

Gestation

A

period from fertilization of ovum to birth of fetus

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52
Q

Globulins

A

simple proteins classified by their size, mobility, and solution

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53
Q

Glomerulus

A

mass of capillaries found at the beginning of each nephron

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54
Q

Hematuria

A

blood in the urine

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55
Q

Hemiparesis

A

one-sided weakness; often seen in those CVA’s

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56
Q

Hemolysis

A

breakdown of red blood cells

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57
Q

Hemophilia

A

hereditary bleeding disorders due to missing factors for proper blood coagulation

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58
Q

Hemoptysis

A

coughing up blood

59
Q

Host

A

an animal or human with exposure to an infectious agent

60
Q

Hydrocele

A

a fluid-filled sac along the spermatic cord

61
Q

Hymen

A

a mucous membrane covering the vaginal outlet

62
Q

Hyperemia

A

increased blood flow to an organ

63
Q

Hyperemia

A

increased blood flow to an organ

64
Q

Hyperopia

A

distant vision is clear, but near vision is often blurry (farsightedness)

65
Q

Hyperplasia

A

excessive increase in the number of cells

66
Q

Idiopathic

A

unknown cause

67
Q

Idiosyncrasy

A

an abnormal response to a drug

68
Q

incontinence

A

inability to control bowel or bladder function

69
Q

infarction

A

death of tissue from lack of oxygen

70
Q

inferior

A

down/bottom, toward the feet

71
Q

infiltration

A

how fluids pass into tissues

72
Q

Jejunum

A

part of the small intestine

73
Q

Joule

A

measurement of electrical energy

74
Q

Keloid

A

excessive scar tissue that goes beyond the original border

75
Q

Kyphosis

A

abnormal curvature of the spine, increased convexity as viewed laterally

76
Q

Lactate

A

found in cells during metabolism, byproduct of lactic acid

77
Q

Laryngitis

A

inflammation of the larynx

78
Q

Lobules

A

small lobes

79
Q

Luxation

A

complete dislocation

80
Q

Malaise

A

general weakness

81
Q

Malignant

A

cancerous, has ability to metastasize or spread

82
Q

Mania

A

a mood disorder characterized by hyperactivity, agitation, excitement and occasional violent and self-destructive behavior

83
Q

Melena

A

black, tarry stools containing digested blood

84
Q

Metastasis

A

movement or spreading of cancer cells from location to another

85
Q

Myalgia

A

muscle pain

86
Q

Necrosis

A

death of a cell or a group of cells as a the result of disease, ischemia, or injury

87
Q

Neoplasia

A

new and abnormal growth that may be malignant or benign

88
Q

Nephron

A

the structural and functional unity of the kidney

89
Q

Nocturia

A

excessive urination at night

90
Q

Nucleus

A

controlling body of a cell

91
Q

Nystagmus

A

involuntary jerking actions of the eyes

92
Q

Oliguria

A

diminished ability to create or pass urine

93
Q

Orchitis

A

inflammation of the testicle that may be painful

94
Q

Osmolality

A

osmotic pressure of a solution

95
Q

Osmosis

A

the diffusion of solvent (water) through a membrane from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution

96
Q

Ostomy

A

a surgical opening that creates a hole from the inside of the body to the outside.

97
Q

Ovum

A

a female egg or egg cell

98
Q

Parenteral

A

any medication route other than the oral route

99
Q

Paresthesia

A

sensation of numbness tingling or “pins and needles”

100
Q

Pathogen

A

a cause of a disease

101
Q

Phobia

A

anxiety disorder characterized by an obsessive, irrational, and intense fear of a specific object or activity

102
Q

Photophobia

A

a sensitivity to light that is abnormal

103
Q

Plasma

A

the fluid part of blood

104
Q

Platelets

A

fragments of cells that are responsible for initiating the clotting process

105
Q

Poikilothermia

A

inability to regulate the body temperature in comparison to the ambient temperature

106
Q

Polycythemia

A

unusually large number of red blood cells in the blood as a result of their increased production by the bone marrow. Often caused by COPD and/or right ventricular failure/enlargement

107
Q

Polyuria

A

excessive urination

108
Q

Priapism

A

a painful and persistent erection

109
Q

Pulsus paradoxus

A

abnormal decrease in systolic blood pressure (10-15mmhg) during inspiration

110
Q

Quadriplegia

A

weakness or paralysis of all four extremities and the trunk. Often occurs after a high-level cervical spine fracture

111
Q

Referred Pain

A

pain felt at a site away from its origin

112
Q

Renin

A

enzyme secreted by the kidneys that is involved in the release of angiotensin; plays an important role in maintenance of blood pressure

113
Q

Rhinitis

A

inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose

114
Q

Rhonchi

A

abnormal, course, rattling respiratory sounds, usually caused by secretions in the bronchial airways or muscular spasm/constriction

115
Q

Sciatica

A

pain that radiates along the path of the sciatic nerve

116
Q

Slander

A

false statements about a person

117
Q

Solutes

A

the minor component in a solution that is dissolved in solution

118
Q

Stridor

A

high-pitched musical sound caused by an obstruction in the trachea or larynx

119
Q

Stroke

A

volume (amounts in milliliters) of blood ejected from one ventricle in a single heartbeat. Normal range is 60-100 with average being 70mL

120
Q

Subluxation

A

a partial dislocation

121
Q

Surfactant

A

substance that reduces the surface tension of the pulmonary fluids

122
Q

Synapse

A

junction between two nerve cells. Most often referred to with regards to sympathetic (norepinephrine) and parasympathetic nervous system (acetylcholine)

123
Q

Synergism

A

the combined action of two agents in greater than the action of the agents independently

124
Q

Tendons

A

bands of connective tissue that connect muscle to bone

125
Q

Tetany

A

involuntary contraction of skeletal muscles

126
Q

Tetraplegia

A

weakness or paralysis of all four extremities and the trunk (another term for quadriplegia)

127
Q

Tidal volume

A

volume (or amount) of air inspired or expired in a single breath

128
Q

Tort

A

personal harm or injury caused by civil versus criminal wrongs

129
Q

Trismus

A

limited jaw range of motion commonly caused by muscle spasms of the jaw. Can be primary symptom in tetanus

130
Q

Untoward effects

A

side effects that prove harmful to the patient

131
Q

Urea

A

a nitrogen containing waste product

132
Q

Uremia

A

excess of urea and other nitrogen based wastes in the blood

133
Q

Urticaria

A

hives

134
Q

Ventilation

A

mechanical movement of air into and out of the lungs

135
Q

Vesicants

A

an agent that causes blistering

136
Q

Virulence

A

the harmfulness of a disease or poison

137
Q

Viscosity

A

the degree of friction between two liquid molecules

138
Q

Volvulus

A

twisting of the intestines

139
Q

Wheals

A

small areas of swelling that result from an allergic reaction. Similar to hives (urticaria)

140
Q

Xiphoid proces

A

smallest of the three parts of the sternum. Articulates caudally with the body of the sternum and laterally with the seventh rib. Can fracture with inappropriate hand placement during CPR.

141
Q

Zone of coagulation

A

central area of a burn wound that has sustained the most intense contact with the thermal source

142
Q

Zone of of hyperemia

A

area in which blood flow is increased as a result of the normal inflammatory response to injury in a burn

143
Q

Zone of statsis

A

area of burn tissue that surrounds the critically injured area from a burn

144
Q
A

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