Medical Terminology Test I Flashcards
(290 cards)
0
Q
Arthro
A
Joint
1
Q
Aden/o
A
Gland
2
Q
Bio
A
Life
3
Q
Carcino
A
Cancerous
4
Q
Cardio
A
Heart
5
Q
Cephalo
A
Gland
6
Q
Cerebrospinal
A
Cerebrum
7
Q
Cysto
A
Urinary bladder
8
Q
Cyto
A
Cell
9
Q
Dermis
A
Skin
10
Q
Dermato
A
Skin
11
Q
Electro
A
Electricity
12
Q
Encephalo
A
Brain
13
Q
Entero
A
Intestines (often the small intestines)
14
Q
Erythro
A
Red
15
Q
Gastro
A
Stomach
16
Q
Gnos/o
A
Knowledge
17
Q
Gyneco
A
Woman, blood
18
Q
Hemato
A
Blood
19
Q
Hepato
A
Liver
20
Q
Laparo
A
Abdomen
21
Q
Leuko
A
White
22
Q
Nephro
A
Kidney
23
Q
Neuro
A
Nerve
24
Onco
Tumor
25
Ophthalmo
Eye
26
Osteo
Bone
27
Patho
Disease
28
Psycho
Mind
29
Reno
Kidney
30
Rhino
Nose
31
Sarco
Flesh
32
Thrombo
Clotting
33
-al
Pertains to
34
– Algia
Pain
35
–cyte
Cell
36
Ectomy
Cutting out; removal; excision
37
–email
Blood condition
38
-gram
Record
39
-is
Condition
40
-ic
Pertaining to
41
-ism
Condition, process
42
-itis
Inflammation
43
-logist
Specialist in the study of
44
-Oma
Tumor, mass
45
-post
The process of viewing
46
-osis
Abnormal condition
47
-scope
Instrument to visually examine
48
- scopy
- process of visual examination
49
-sis
State of
50
-tomy
Process of cutting into (incision)
51
A, an
No, not
52
Aut
Self
53
Dia
Complete, through
54
Dys
Bad painful difficult abnormal
55
Endo
Within
56
Exo
Outside
57
Hyper
Excessive, more than normal, too much
58
Hypo
Below, less than normal, under
59
Peri
Surrounding
60
Pro
Before, forward
61
Re
Back
62
Retro
Behind
63
Sub
Below, under
64
Trans
Across, through
65
Angio
Vessel
66
Aorto
Aorta
67
Arterio
Artery
68
Arteriol
Arteriolar
69
Cardio
Heart
70
Corono
Heart
71
Phlebo
Vein
72
Veno
Vein
73
Benito
Venule
74
Aneurysm
Local widening of an artery caused by weakness in the arterial wall or breakdown of the wall from atherosclerosis.
75
Arrhythmia
Abnormal heartbeat
76
Angina
Chest pain caused by decreased blood flow to the heart muscle.
77
Atherosclerosis
Hardening of arteries with a collection of cholesterol like plaque
78
Congestive heart failure
Inability of the heart to pump its required amount of blood
79
Infarction
An area of dead tissue
80
Shock
A group of signs and symptoms indicating poor oxygen supply to tissues and insufficient return of blood to the heart.
81
Angiography
recording via x ray images if blood vessels after the injection of contrast into the blood stream
82
cardiac catheterization
introducing a catheter into a vein or artery to measure pressure and flow patterns of blood
83
cardiac enzyme tests
measurements of enzymes released into the bloodstream after a heart attack
84
Doppler ultrasound
measuring blood flow in vessels via sound waves
85
echocardiography
producing images of the heart via sound waves or echoes
86
electrocardiography
recording electricity flowing through the heart
87
holter monitoring
detection of abnormal heart rhythms that involves the patient having to wear a compact version of an electrocardiograph for 24 hours.
88
lipid tests
measurements of cholesterol and tryglyceride levels in the blood
89
lipoprotein tests
measurements of HDL and LDL in the blood
90
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
producing an image, by beaming magnetic waves at the heart, that gives detailed information about congenital heart disease, cardiac masses, and disease within large blood vessels.
91
MUGA scan
Iaging the motion of the heart wall muscles and assessing the function of the heart via a multiple-gated acquisition scan, using radioactive materials.
92
Positron emission tomography (PET) scan
radioactive chemicals, which release radioactive particles, are injected into the blood stream and travel to the heart. Cross-sectional images show the flow of blood and the functional activity of the heart muscle.
93
Stress test
an electrocardiogram plus blood pressure and heart rate measurements show the heart's response to physical exertion
94
Technetium Tc 99m sestamibi scan:
a radioactive chemical (sestamibi tagged with technetium-99m) is injected intravenously and shows perfusion (flow) of blood in the heart muscle. It is taken up in the area of a myocardial infarction producing hot spots. In an ETT-MIBI exercise tolerance test, an intravenous radioactive substance is given before the patient reaches maximal heart rate on a tread mill.
95
Thallium-201 scan
a radioactive test that shous where injected thallium-201 localizes in the heart.
96
Cardioversion
brief discharges of electricity passing across the chest to stop cardiac arrhythmia. (Defib)
97
coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)
vessels taken from the patient's legs or chest are connected to coronary arteries to make detours around blockages.
98
endarterectomy
surgical removal of the innermost lining of an artery to remove fatty deposits and clots
99
percutaneous coronary intervention
a balloon-tipped catheter is threaded into a coronary artery to compress fatty deposits and open the artery. Stents create wider tubes that make the recurrence of blockage less likely. Balloon angioplasty.
100
thrombolytic therapy
drugs such as the tPa and streptokinase are injected into a patient's bloodstream to dissolve clots that may cause a heart attack.
101
ACS
acute coronary syndromes. (disease changes in coronary arteries leading to plaque clot formation)
102
AMI
acute myocardial infarction
103
CABG
coronary bypass grafting
104
CAD
coronary artery disease
105
CCU
coronary care unit
106
ECHO
echocardiography
107
HTN
hypertension
108
PCI
percutaneous coronary intervention
109
aorta
largest artery in the body
110
lung capillaries
tiny blood vessels surrounding lung tissue through which gases pass into and out of the blood
111
pulmonary circulation
passage of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart
112
systemic circulation
passage of blood from the heart to the body tissues and back
113
intravenous
pertaining to within a vein
114
arterioscleriosis
hardening of artery
115
phlebotomy
incision of a vein
116
cardiomyopathy
disease of heart muscle
117
angioplasty
surgical repair of blood vessels
118
arteriolitis
inflammation of small arteries
119
venulitis
inflammation of small veins
120
aortic stenosis
narrowing of the largest aorta
121
ano
anus
122
appendo
appendix
123
appendico
appendix
124
choleocyst
gallbladder
125
gastro
stomach
126
hepato
liver
127
ielo
ileum
128
jejuno
jejunum
129
oro
mouth
130
pharyngo
pharynx
131
procto
anus and rectum
132
recto
rectum
133
sigmoido
sigmoid colon
134
stomato
stomatits
135
cholelithiasis
abnormal condition of gall stones
136
cirrhosis
chronic disease of the liver with degeneration of liver cells
137
colonic polyposis
condition in which polyps protrude from the mucous membrane lining for colon
138
diverticulosis
abnormal conditions of small sacs (diverticula) on the inside of the intestines. Diverticulosis is the inflammation of the diverticula.
139
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
a condition in which contents f the stomach flow back into the stomach.
140
Hepatitis
inflammation of the liver
141
Inflammatory Bowel disease
inflammation of the last portion of the ileum (Chron disease) or inflammation of the colon (ulcerative colitis)
142
irritable bowel syndrome
signs and symptms are cramping, abdominal bloating, constipation, and diarrhea. does not permanently damager intestine
143
hepatocellular carcinoma
cancer of the liver
144
jaundice
yellow-orange coloration of the tissues and skin.
145
hyperbilirubinemia
high levels of bilirubin n the blood stream (causes jaundice)
146
Abdominal computed topography (CT) scan
series of cross sectional x ray images that show abdominal
147
abdominal MRI
magnetic and radio waves create images of abdominal organs and tissues in all three planes of the body.
148
abdominal ultrasonography
process of beaming sound waves iof organs such as the gallbladder.into the abdomen to produce images
149
endoscopic ultrasonography
useful to detect enlarged lymph nodes and tumors in the upper abdomen
150
barium tests
x ray examinations using liquid barium mix to locate disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.
151
cholangiography
x ray examinations of the bile ducts after the injection of contrast material into the liver
152
cholangio
bile ducts
153
gastrointestinal endoscopy
visual examination of the gastro intestinal tract with an endoscope.
154
hemoccult test
feces are placed on a paper containing the chemical guaic which reacts with hidden (occult) blood. Important test for colon cancer
155
liver function test
measurements of liver enzymes and other substances on the blood. Enzyme levels increase when the liver is damaged.
156
stool culture
feces are placed in a growth medium (culture) to test for microorganisms such as bacteria
157
anastomosis
surgical creation of an opening between two gastrointestinal organs.
158
laparoscopic surgery
removal of organs or tissues via laparoscope
159
laparoscope
instrument inserted into the abdomen through a small incision.
160
ALT, AST
alanine transaminase, aspartame transaminase (liver enzymes measured as a part of LFTs)
161
BE
barium enema
162
GB
gallbladder
163
GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disease
164
GI
gastrointestinal
165
IBD
inflammatory bowel disease (Chron's or ulcerative colitis)
166
IBS
irritable bowel syndrome
167
liver function tests (ALT, AST, bilirubin)
LFT
168
NPO
nil per os
169
TPN
total parenteral nutrition (intravenous solutions are given to maintain nutrition)
170
pharynx
throat
171
esophagus
tube that carries food to the stomach
172
stomach
organ that receives food from the esophagus and sends it to the intestine
173
duodenum
first part of the small intestine
174
jejunjum
second part of the small intestine
175
ileum
third part of the small intestine
176
colon
large intestine
177
sigmoid colon
s-shaped lower portion of the large intestine
178
rectum
final section of the colon
179
anus
opening of the colon outside of the body
180
appendix
small sac that hangs from a beginning of the large intestine
181
liver
organ that makes bile, stores sugar, and produces proteins to clot blood
182
gallbladder
sac that stores bile
183
common bile duct
tube that carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the intestine
184
pancreas
gland that makes both digestive juices and insulin
185
gastro
stomach
186
colo
large intestine
187
procto
anus and rectum
188
hepatomegaly
enlargement of the liver
189
cholecystectomy
removal of the gallbladder
190
somatitis
inflammation of the mouth
191
gastraglia
pain of the stomach
192
adreno
adrenal glands
193
adrenalo
adrenal gland
194
hypophyso
pituitary gland
195
oophoro
ovary
196
ovario
ovary
197
orcho
testes
198
orchio
testes
199
pancreato
pancreas
200
parathyroid
parathyroid gland
201
pituitaro
pituitary gland
202
thymo
thymus gland
203
thyroadreno
thyroid gland
204
thyroido
thyroid gland
205
acromegaly
enlargement of extremities caused by hypersecretion from the anterior portion of the pituitary gland after puberty.
206
cushing syndrome
a group of clinical features produced by excess secretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex. These signs and symptoms include obesity, moonlike faces, hyperglycemia, and osteoporosis
207
diabetes mellitus
a disorder of the pancreas that causes an increase in blood glucose levels.
208
Type 1 Diabetes
the onset usually in childhood, involves complete deficiency of insulin in the body.
209
type 2 diabetes
onset usually in adulthood, involves some insulin deficiency and resistance of tissues to the action of insulin.deficiency and resistance of tissues to the action of insulin
210
goiter
enlargement of the thyroid gland
211
hyperthyroidism
overactivity of the thyroid gland; also called Graves disease or exophthalmic (eyes buldge out) goiter.
212
exophthalmometry
measurement of eyeball protrusion as an indicator of Graves disease
213
type 2 diabetes
onset usually in adulthood, involves some insulin deficiency and resistance of tissues to the action of insulin.deficiency and resistance of tissues to the action of insulin
214
goiter
enlargement of the thyroid gland
215
hyperthyroidism
overactivity of the thyroid gland; also called Graves disease or exophthalmic (eyes buldge out) goiter.
216
exophthalmometry
measurement of eyeball protrusion as an indicator of Graves disease
217
fasting blood sugar test:
measurement of glucose levels in a blood sample taken from a fasting patient and in specimens taken 30 minute, 1 hr, 2 hours, and 3 hours after the ingestion of 75g of glucose. Delayed return to normal indicates diabetes mellitus
218
radioactive iodine uptake
measured thyroid function
219
serum and urine tests
measurement of hormones, electrolytes, and glucose levels in blood (serum) and urine as indicators of endocrine function
220
thyroid scan
looks for nodules on thyroid
221
DM
diabetes mellitus
222
GH
growth hormone
223
GTT
glucose tolerance test
224
T3
triiodothyronine
225
T4
thyroxine
226
thyroid gland
gland in the neck on either side of the trachea
227
thymus gland
gland in the middle of the chest
228
parathyroid gland
four glands behind the thyroid gland
229
adrenal glands (location)
above the kidneys
230
thyroidadenitis
inflammation of the thyroid gland
231
oophoritis
inflammation of the ovary
232
orchiopexy
surgical fixation of an undescended testicle
233
thymoma
tumor of the thymus gland
234
hyperparathyroidism
increased secretion of the parathyroid gland
235
adrenopathy
disease of the adrenal glands
236
hypophyseal
pertaining to the pituitary gland
237
cervico
cervix
238
colpo
vagina
239
hystero
uterus
240
mammo
breast
241
masto
breast
242
metrio
uterus
243
o/o
egg
244
salpingo
fallopian tube
245
amenorrhea
absence of menstrual flow
246
dysmenorrhea
painful menstrual flow
247
ectopic pregnancy
pregnancy that is not in the uterus usually occurring in the fallopian tube
248
endometriosis
tissue from the inner lining of the uterus
249
fibroids
benign tumors in the uterus.
250
leiomyoma
LEI/O means smooth (benign tumors in the tumor)
251
menorrhagia
excessive discharge of blood from the uterus during menstruation
252
pelvic inflammatory disease
inflammation in the pelvic region
253
saplingitis
pelvic inflammatory disease (in fallopes)
254
amniocentisis
surgical puncture of the amniotic sac for chromosomal analysis
255
conization
removal of the coneshaped section of the cervix for biopsy
256
pregnancy test measures
human chorionic gonadotropin
257
cauterization
the use of heat to destroy abnormal tissue
258
cryosurgery
cold temperatures to freeze and destroy tissue
259
myomectomy
the surgical removal of fibroid (myoma) tissue from the uterus.
260
CS
c section
261
D & C
dilation and cutterage
262
DUB
dysfunctional uterine bleeding (not associated with menses)
263
HRT
hormone replacement therapy
264
IVF
in vitro fertilization
265
TAH-BSO
total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral saplingo-oophorectomy (uterus, fallopes, ovaries removed)
266
adenoma
benign tumor of glandular cells
267
cardiology
study of the heart
268
cephalic
pertaining to the head. cephalic presentation refers to a fetal position in which the head of the fetus appears at the uterine cervix as the infant is born.
269
cerebrum
largest part of the brain. It controls thought processes, hearing, speech, vision, and body movements
270
cystoscope
instrument used to view the urinary bladder
271
erythrocyte
red blood cell
272
dermatitis
inflammation of the skin
273
electrocardiogram
record of the electricity in the heart
274
prognosis
prediction as to the outcome of an illness or treatment.
275
diagnosis
complete knowledge of patient's condition
276
hemoglobin
oxygen carrying protein found in red blood cells
277
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver. viral hepatitis is an acute infectious disease caused by at least three viruses.
278
neutrophil
a phagocytic white blood cell with one nucleus
279
basophil
a white blood cell having a two lobed nucleus
280
leukocyte
white blood cell
281
thrombocyte
platelet
282
osteoarthritis
inflammation of bones and joints. Osteoarthritis is a disease of older people and is marked by stiffness, pain, and degeneration of joints.
283
pathologist
Specialist in the study of disease using microscopic examination of tissues and cells and autopsy examination.
284
psychosis
abnormal condition of the mind; a serious mental disorder that involves loss of normal perception of reality.
285
arthralgia
pain in a joint
286
leukemia
increase in malignant (cancerous) white blood cells in blood and bone marrow
287
laparoscopy
visual examination of the abdomen. A small incision in made near the navel, and an instrument (endoscopy) is inserted in view abdominal organs
288
anemia
deficiency of hemoglobin and or in number of red blood cells which results in reduced oxygen to body cells.
289
hyperglycemia
higher than normal levels of sugar in the blood
