Medical Terminology Test II Flashcards
(186 cards)
1
Q
balan/o
A
penis
2
Q
orch/o
A
testis
3
Q
orchi/o
A
testis
4
Q
orchid/o
A
testis
5
Q
prostat/o
A
prostate gland. Gland that produces the fluid portion of semen.
6
Q
scrot/o
A
scrotum
7
Q
urethr/o
A
urethra. Tube leading from urinary bladder to the outside of the body.
8
Q
vas/o
A
vas deferens. Tube carrying sperm cells from the testis to the ejaculatory duct and urethra.
9
Q
benign prostatic hyperplasia
A
noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland. Also called benign prostatic hypertrophy.
10
Q
cryptorchism
A
Condition of undescended testis. The testis is not in the scrotal sac at birth. Crypt/o means hidden.
11
Q
hydrocele
A
sac of clear fluid in the scrotum. -cele refers to the indication of a hernia.
12
Q
prostatic carcinoma
A
Cancer of the prostate gland
13
Q
testicular carcinoma
A
Malignant tumor of the testis.
14
Q
seminoma
A
Malignant tumor of the testis
15
Q
varicocele
A
enlarged, swollen veins near a testicle.
16
Q
digital rectal examination (DRE)
A
examination of the prostate gland with finger through the rectum
17
Q
prostate-specific antigen (PSA)
A
measurement of the amount of PSA in the blood. Higher than normal levels are associated with prostatic enlargement and prostate cancer.
18
Q
orchiopexy
A
surgical fixation of an undescended testicle in a young male infant.
19
Q
semen analysis
A
measurement of the number, shape, and motility of sperm cells.
20
Q
transurethral resection of the prostate gland (TURP)
A
removal of portions of the prostate gland with an endoscope inserted into the urethra.
21
Q
photoselective vaporization of the prostate (greenlight PVP)
A
use of a laser to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia
22
Q
vasectomy
A
procedure in which the vas deferens on each side is cut, a piece is removed, and the free ends are folded and tied with sutures.
23
Q
BPH
A
benign prostatic hyperplasia
24
Q
DRE
A
digital rectal exam
25
GU
genitourinary
26
PSA
prostate specific antigen
27
TURP
transurethral resection of the prostate gland
28
scrotum
sac on the outside of the body that contains the testes
29
vas deferens
one of two tubes that carry sperm cells from the testes to the outside of the body
30
testis
one of two paired male organs in the scrotum that produces sperm cells and male hormones
31
prostate
male organ that surrounds the base of the urinary bladder and produces fluid that leaves the body with sperm
32
prostatectomy
resection of the prostate gland
33
orchidectomy
excision of a testicle
34
arthr/o
joint
35
chondr/o
cartilage
36
cost/o
rib
37
crani/o
skull
38
ligament/o
ligament
39
my/o
muscle
40
myos/o
muscle
41
muscul/o
muscle
42
myel/o
bone marrow
43
oste/o
bone
44
pelv/o
pelvis/hipbone
45
spondyl/o
vertebra
46
vertebr/o
vertebra
47
ten/o
tendon
48
tendin/o
tendon
49
ankylosing spondylitis
chronic, progressive, arthritis with stiffening of joints, primarily of the spine and hip.
50
carpal tunnel syndrome
compression of the median nerve as it passes between the ligament and the bones and tendons of the wrist.
51
gouty arthritis
inflammation of joints caused by excessive uric acid.
52
muscular dystrophy
an inherited disorder characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers.
53
rheumatoid arthritis
chronic inflammation of joints, pain, swelling, and stiffening, especially in the small joints of the hands and feet.
54
rheumat/o
flowing
55
ANA Test
Antinuclear antibody test. Test in which a sample of plasma is tested for the presence of antibodies found In patients with systemic lupus.
56
Arthrocentesis
surgical puncture to remove fluid from a joint
57
arthrography
x-ray imaging of a joint
58
arthroscopy
visual examination of a joint with an arthroscope
59
bone density test
low energy x rays are used to image bones in the spinal column, pelvis, and wrist to detect areas of bone deficiency
60
bone scan
procedure in which a radioactive substance is injected intravenously and its uptake in bones is measured with a special scanning device
61
calcium (test)
Measurement of the amount of calcium in a sample of blood (serum). This test is important in evaluating diseases of the bone.
62
Electromyography (EMG)
Recording of the strength of muscle contraction as a result of electrical stimulation.
63
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
Measurement of the rate at which red blood cells fall to the bottom of a test tube. High sedimentation rates are associated with inflammatory diseases.
64
Muscle biopsy
The removal of muscle tissue for microscopic examination
65
Uric acid test
uric acid in a sample of blood. High levels are associated with gouty arthritis.
66
athroplasty
surgical repair of a joint
67
chemonucleolysis
Treatment of a herniated disk by injection of chymopapain to dissolve the inner portion of the disk.
68
Endoscopic diskectomy
surgical removal of a portion of a vertebra to allow visualization and removal of a portion of a protruding disk.
69
Laminectomy
Surgical removal of a portion of the a vertebra to allow visualization and removal of a portion of a protruding disk.
70
microscopic diskectomy
Surgical removal of a herniated intervertebral disk with an incision that is 1 to 2 inches long and visualization of the surgical filed with an operating microscope.
71
vertebroplasty
Surgical repair of vertebrae. Special cement is injected into the compressed backbones to strengthen them and t relieve pain.
72
ACL
anterior cruciate ligament
73
c1-C7
cervical vertebrae
74
IM
intramuscular
75
L1-L5
lumbar vertebrae
76
NSAID
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
77
ortho
orthropedics
78
PT
physical therapy
79
ROM
range of motion
80
T1-T12
Thoracic vertebrae
81
cranium
skull
82
clavicle
shoulder bone
83
humerus
upper arm bone
84
radius
lower arm bone on the thumb side
85
ulna
lower arm bone on the pinky side
86
carpals
wrist bones
87
metacarpals
hand bones
88
phalanges
finger bones
89
scapula
shoulder bone
90
sternum
breast bone
91
tarsals
ankle bones
92
metatarsals
foot bones
93
fibula
smaller bone of the lower leg
94
tibia
larger bone of the lower leg
95
patella
kneecap
96
sacrum
lower part of the backbone near the hip
97
coccyx
tailbone
98
pelvis
hip bone
99
femur
thigh bone
100
ribs
bones surrounding the chest cavity
101
myelodysplasia
abnormal growth of bone marrow cells
102
osteomyelitis
inflammation of bone and bone marrow
103
costochondritis
inflammation of cartilage attached to ribs
104
chondroma
benign tumor of cartilage tissue
105
tenorrhaphy
suture of a tendon
106
myosarcoma
malignant tumor of muscle tissue
107
craniotomy
incision of the skull
108
serum calcium
measurement of an element in the blood that is necessary for normal bone formation
109
cerebell/o
cerebellum
110
cerebr/o
cerebrum
111
encephala/o
brain
112
medull/a
medulla oblongata
113
myel/o
spinal cord
114
neur/o
nerve
115
Alzheimer disease
brain disorder marked by deterioration of mental capacity
116
CVA
damage to the blood vessels of the cerebrum, leading to loss of blood supply to the brain. (stroke)
117
concussion
blunt injury to the brain severe enough to cause loss of conciousness
118
epilepsy
chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity
119
Glioblastoma
malignant brain tumor airising from glial cells.
120
meningitis
inflammation of the meninges
121
Multiple sclerosis
Destruction of the myelin sheath on nerve cells in the central nervous system, with replacement by plaques of sclerotic tissue
122
syncope
fainting; sudden and temporary loss of consciousness as a result of inadequate blood flow to the brain.
123
cerebral angiography
X ray imaging of the blood vessels in the brain after the injection of contrast material into an artery.
124
cerebrospinal fluid analysis (CSF)
Chemical tests (for sodium, chloride, protein, and glucose), cell counts, cultures, and bacterial smears on samples of CSF to detect diseases of the brain or meninges. A lumbar puncture is used to remove CSF for analysis.
125
computed tomography (CT) scan
Cross-sectional x-ray images of the brain and spinal cord (with and without contrast)
126
electroencelphalography (EEG)
the recording of electrical activity within the brain
127
lumbar puncture (LP)
Pressure of CSF is measured and contrast may be injected for imaging (myelography) after removal of CSF from a space between the lumbar vertebrae. An LP or a spinal tap also provides a sample of cerebrospinal fluid for analysis.
128
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
magnetic waves and radiofrequency waves are used to create images of the brain and spinal cord
129
positron emission tomography scan (PET)
Uptake of radioactive material into the brain shows how the brain uses glucose and gives information about brain function
130
stereotactic radiosurgery
placememnt in the skill of a stereotactic instrument that locates a target in the brain. Then a high energy radiation beam is delivered to that precise target to destroy the tissue.
131
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
a battery-powered device delivers stimulation to nerves to relieve acute and chronic pain
132
AD
Alzheimer's disease
133
CFS
cerebrospinal fluid
134
EEG
electroencephalography
135
LP
lumbar puncture
136
MS
multiple sclerosis
137
cerebrum
largest part of the brain; controls body movements, thought, reasoning, vision, hearing, speech
138
spinal cord
collection of nerves that are within the spinal cavity surrounded by backbones
139
cerebellum
lower back part of the brain that controls muscular coordination and balance
140
medulla oblongata
lower part of the brain, nearest to the spinal cord; it controls breathing and heart beat
141
spinal nerves
Nerves that transmit messages to and from the spinal cord.
142
myelitis
inflammation of the spinal cord
143
neuropathy
disease of the nerves
144
cerebellar
pertaining to the posterior portion of the brain that controls equilibrium
145
lymph/o
lymph fluid
146
lymphaden/o
lymph node
147
lymphangi/o
lymph vessel
148
splen/o
spleen
149
thym/o
thymus gland
150
AIDS
suppression or deficiency of the immune response caused by exposure to HIV
151
Lymphoma
malignant tumor of the lymph nodes and lymphatic tissue.
152
mononucleosis
acute infectious disease with enlargement of lymph nodes and increased numbers of lymphocytes and monocytes in the blood stream
153
sarcoidosis
inflammatory disease in which small nodules form in lymph nodes and other organs
154
ELISA
Enzume-linked immunosorbent assay. A test to screen for antibodies to the HIV virus.
155
Western blot test
A blood test to detect the presence of antibodies to specific antigens such as HIV. (More precise than ELISA)
156
chemotherapy
Treatment with powerful drugs to kill cancer cells and viruses such as HIV.
157
Radiotherapy
Treatment with high dose radiation to destroy malignant legions in the body
158
Stationary collections of lymph tissue through out the body
lymph nodes
159
Gland in the mediastinum; produces lymphocytes.
Thymus
160
Clear fluid present in tissue spaces, that circulates in lymph vessels
lymph
161
lymphadenopathy
disease of the lymph nodes
162
lymphangiectasis
widening, dilation of lymph vessels
163
lymphoma
malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymphatic tissue
164
lymphadenectomy
excision of lymph nodes
165
thymoma
malignant tumor of a mediastinal lymphocyte-producing gland
166
cells
smallest unit or part of an organ
167
tissue
groups of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function.
168
organ
Independent part of the body composed of different tissues working together to do a specific job.
169
system
Group of organs working together to do a job in the body.
170
Circulatory system
Organs that carry blood throughout the body.
171
Digestive system
Organs that bring food into the body and break it down to enter the bloodstream or eliminate it through the rectum and anus.
172
Endocrine system
Endocrine glands.
173
Musculoskeletal system
Organs that support the body and allow it to move
174
Nervous system
Organs that transmit electrical messages throughout the body.
175
Respiratory system
Organs that control breathing, allowing air to enter and leave the body.
176
Urinary system
Organs that produce ad send urine out of the body.
177
pleura
double membrane that surrounds the lungs
178
mediastinum
Space between the lungs in the chest. Contains the heart, large blood vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus gland, and lymph nodes.
179
diaphragm
Muscle that separates the chest and the abdomen.
180
peritoneum
Membrane that surrounds the abdomen and holds the abdominal organs in place.
181
disk
Pad of cartilage that is between each backbone
182
frontal plane
an up-and-down plane that divides the body into front and back portions.; coronal plane
183
sagittal plane
imaginary plane that divided the body into right and left portions
184
transverse plane
plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions
185
ascites
abnormal collection of fluid in the abdomen
186
Hodgkin disease
malignant tumor of lymph nodes.
