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Terminology in CSD > Medical Terms > Flashcards

Medical Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Myorrhaphy

A

Surgical suturing of a muscle wound

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2
Q

Myorrhexis

A

rupture of a muscle

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3
Q

Medical Terminology

A

collection of all terms used by medical professionals to describe work

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4
Q

Disease

A

condition in which one or more body parts are not working normally; some diseased are normal for their signs & symptoms

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5
Q

Sign

A

evidence of a disease; examiner can see, hear, or otherwise measure/ observe signs (ex: fever = measurable)

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6
Q

Diagnosis

A

identification of a disease; to diagnose is the process of reaching a diagnosis

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7
Q

Differential Diagnosis

A

To try to determine which of several diseased is causing signs and symptoms; aka ‘rule out’

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8
Q

Prognosis

A

prediction of likely course & outcome of a disease

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9
Q

Triage

A

screening patients medically to see who needs priority treatment

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10
Q

Syndrome

A

set of signs & symptoms that occur together

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11
Q

Chronic

A

condition of long duration

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12
Q

Acute

A

condition with rapid onset, short duration, and severe causes

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13
Q

Trauma

A

wound or injury

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14
Q

Inflammation

A

swelling

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15
Q

Infection

A

invasion of disease-producing organism

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16
Q

Malaise

A

feeling of general discomfort, often the first sign of an infection

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17
Q

Exudate

A

fluid, pus

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18
Q

Lesion

A

pathologic change of the tissues due to an injury or disease

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19
Q

Laceration

A

torn or jagged wound/ accidental cut

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20
Q

Mucus (noun)

A

fluid secreted by mucous membranes

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21
Q

Mucous (adjective)

A

specialized membranes that line body cavities

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22
Q

Palpitation

A

an exam method; examiner’s hands feel the texture, size, consistency & location of body parts to help diagnose a condition or disease

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23
Q

Percussion

A

a procedure used by providers to examine patients; the examiner uses a tapping/ drumming method

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24
Q

Cyanosis

A

blue skin due to lack of oxygen

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25
Q

Leukocyte

A

White blood cell

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26
Q

Pathology

A

study of all aspects of a disease or condition

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27
Q

Microghathia

A

smaller-than-normal lower jaw

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28
Q

Myopia

A

nearsighted, close objects are clear/ far objects are blurred

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29
Q

Glaucoma

A

Increased pressure in the eyeball

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30
Q

Conductive Hearing Loss

A

elevated air-conduction threshold

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31
Q

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

A

elevated air conduction with headphones or insert earphones, elevated bone-conduction thresholds

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32
Q

Treacher Collin’s Syndrome

A

(may include) receding chin, malformed pinna, large mouth, depressed cheekbones, and space between eyelids by slope downward, malformed middle ear bones, may not have ear canals

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33
Q

Anatomy

A

study of body structures

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34
Q

Pinna

A

the external part of the ear (auricle)

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35
Q

Physiology

A

study of body functions

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36
Q

Pathologist

A

a physician (medical doctor) who specializes in the lab analysis of diseased tissue samples to confirm or identify a diagnosis

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37
Q

Etiology

A

study of causes of diseases

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38
Q

Glands

A

group of specialized cells capable of producing secretions

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39
Q

Exocrine

A

secrete chemical substances out of cells into ducts

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40
Q

Endocrine

A

produce hormones (secretions stay within cells)

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41
Q

Adenosis

A

any disease or condition of a gland

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42
Q

Adenitis

A

inflammation of gland

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43
Q

Adenomalacia

A

abnormal softening of a gland

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44
Q

Adenosclerosis

A

abnormal hardening of a gland

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45
Q

adenectomy

A

Surgical removal of gland

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46
Q

aplasia

A

absence of an organ or tissue at birth

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47
Q

Hypoplasia

A

deficient number of cells that leads to incomplete development of a tissue or organ

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48
Q

Anaplasia

A

change in structure of cells & their orientation to each other

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49
Q

Dysplasia

A

abnormal growth of cells, tissue or organs

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50
Q

Hyperplasia

A

increase in number of cells that results in the enlargement of a tissue or organ

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51
Q

hypertrophy

A

increase the bulk of an organ or body part due to an increase in the size of cells

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52
Q

cell membrane

A

the membrane that surrounds the cell

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53
Q

cytoplasm

A

fluid material within cell membrane, not part of the nucleus

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54
Q

nucleus

A

controls the cells activity (brain of the cell)

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55
Q

ribosomes

A

the cells “factories” that translate RNA into proteins

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56
Q

stem cells

A

different cells that can renew themselves, change into cells with specialized functions

57
Q

system

A

organization of the body organs with specialized functions

58
Q

organs

A

mass of tissue cells that conduct a specific function

59
Q

tissues

A

a group of similar cells that work together to conduct certain functions

60
Q

epithelial tissue

A

protective layer for external and internal body surfaces

61
Q

connective tissues

A

binds and connects tissues and organs

62
Q

muscular tissue

A

contracts and relaxes for movement

63
Q

nervous tissues

A

responds to stimuli and conducts electrical impulses

64
Q

body structure

A

cells, tissues, organs, and glads that make up body system that work together for proper functioning

64
Q

body structure

A

cells, tissues, organs, and glads that make up body system that work together for proper functioning

65
Q

body planes (planes of reference)

A

imaginary vertical and horizontal lines used to divide the body into descriptive sections that are used for reference

66
Q

mid-sagittal

A

divides the body into equal right and left halves

67
Q

sagittal

A

divides body into right and left portions (not always equal portions)

68
Q

frontal

A

divides body into front and back portions

69
Q

transverse

A

divides body into upper and lower portion

70
Q

base, apex

A

base: bottom
apex: tip

71
Q

dorsal cavity

A

the cranial and spinal cavities combined

72
Q

cranial cavity

A

contains brain

73
Q

spinal cavity

A

contains spinal cord and column

74
Q

ventral cavity

A

body of organs along the front of the body

75
Q

thoracic cavity

A

surrounds and protects the heart and lungs

76
Q

abdominal cavity

A

contains digestive organs

77
Q

pelvic cavity

A

formed by hipbones and contains organs for reproduction and excretion

78
Q

cytologist

A

a specialist in the study and analysis of cells

79
Q

histologist

A

a non-physician provider who specializes in the study of the microscopic structure of tissues

80
Q

general practitioner

A

physician who provides care for all ages

81
Q

internist

A

physician who specializes in disorders of internal organs

82
Q

physicians associate

A

a licensed provider who works under physician supervision

83
Q

arthritis

A

joint inflammation

84
Q

stomach inflammation

A

gastritis

85
Q

tonsillectomy

A

surgical removal of tonsils

86
Q

muscle pain

A

myalgia

87
Q

gene

A

the fundamental functional/physical unit of heredity

88
Q

geneticist

A

person who specializes in the field of genetics

89
Q

genetic disorder

A

a condition resulting from a defective or absent gene

90
Q

dominant gene

A

if inherited from either parent, passes the condition to the child

91
Q

recessive gene

A

if a child inherits a recessive gene from both parents, then will have condition; if a child inherits a recessive gene from one parent (and a normal gene from the other parent), then the child will not inherit the condition

92
Q

genome

A

a complete set of genetic information (i.e., Human Genome Project)

93
Q

chromosomes

A

genetic structures in the cell nucleus that are made up of DNA molecules that contain genes

94
Q

DNA

A

molecule located in chromosome pairs; double-helix structures have thousands of genes

95
Q

genetic mutation

A

a change in the DNA sequence

96
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

disease present at birth that affects the respiratory & digestive systems

97
Q

Down syndrome

A

genetic condition associated with characteristic facial appearance, developmental delays, and physical abnormalities

98
Q

hemophilia

A

an inherited bleeding disorder (in which the blood does not clot)

99
Q

hemophilia

A

an inherited bleeding disorder (in which the blood does not clot)

100
Q

huntingtons disease

A

condition that results in degeneration of the nerves

101
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

group of diseases that includes progressive muscle weakness and degeneration

102
Q

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

A

rare disease with a missing digestive enzyme, results in severe intellectual disability

103
Q

pathogen

A

micro-organism that causes diseases

104
Q

transmission

A

spread of disease

105
Q

contamination

A

likelihood that a pathogen is present; higher probability if infection control methods are lacking

106
Q

communicable disease

A

spread from one person to another via direct or indirect contact

107
Q

indirect contact transmission

A

person is infected by a contaminated surface

108
Q

droplet transmission

A

disease spreads via respiratory droplets (coughing/sneezing)

109
Q

airborne transmission

A

disease spreads by germs in the air

110
Q

food borne or water borne transmission

A

disease spreads by contaminated food or water

111
Q

vector borne transmission

A

disease spreads from a vector (carrier), such as a mosquito or raccoon w/ rabies

112
Q

epidemiologist

A

specialist who studies disease outbreaks

113
Q

endemic

A

on-going presence of disease

114
Q

epidemic

A

sudden outbreak or a disease

115
Q

pandemic

A

disease outbreak over a large geographic area

116
Q

infectious

A

caused by pathogen

117
Q

laterogenic

A

cause by an unfavorable response to a prescribed medical treatment

118
Q

idiopathic

A

illness or disease without known cause

119
Q

nosocomial infection

A

disease acquired in a hospital

120
Q

congenital disorder

A

condition present at birth

121
Q

developmental disorder

A

malformation present at birth (by age 22 years)

122
Q

anomaly

A

deviation from what is typical
ex: atresia- absence of normal body opening

123
Q

speech-language pathology

A

Branch of health care devoted to the study, diagnosis, and treatment of speech and language disorders (and swallowing disorders)

124
Q

speech-language pathologist

A

Health care professional who is credentialed in the practice of speech-language pathology to provide a comprehensive array of services related to prevention, evaluation, and rehabilitation of speech and language disorders; may treat & diagnose individuals with swallowing disorders

125
Q

audiology

A

Branch of health care devoted to the study, diagnosis, and treatment of hearing disorders, tinnitus, and balance dysfunction

126
Q

audiologist

A

Health care professional who is credentialed in the practice of audiology to provide a comprehensive array of services related to prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of hearing impairment and its associated communication disorder, and in the assessment and treatment of balance impairment

127
Q

sanctions

A

penalties for unethical and/or illegal behaviors
ex: fines, license revoked

128
Q

ethics

A

Systematizing, defending, & recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior

129
Q

professional ethics

A

Standards of behavior or judgments that provide guidance to members of the profession about how to act when they have to make decisions

130
Q

disability

A

a functional limitation that interferes with a person’s ability to walk, lift, hear, learn, etc.

131
Q

word root

A

conveys the basic meaning of the word, usually describes what part of the body is involved, roots cannot stand alone

132
Q

combining form

A

root plus a combining vowel which is often “o”; adding the combining vowel makes the word easier to pronounce

133
Q

suffix

A

added to the end of words to complete the term, some suffixes make the root a noun, others make the root an adjective; noun suffixes may indicate a condition, disorder, disease, or procedure

134
Q

prefix

A

added to the beginning of a word, often indicates the number, time or location

134
Q

prefix

A

added to the beginning of a word, often indicates the number, time or location

135
Q

culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) Patients

A

Clients/patients who come from a home environment where a language other than English is spoken

136
Q

mircroaggressions

A

statements or behaviors that communicate a negative message about a non-dominant group

137
Q

health literacy

A

understanding basic health information to make appropriate decisions

Terminology in CSD (5 decks)

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