Medical Terms Flashcards
(139 cards)
1
Q
Myorrhaphy
A
Surgical suturing of a muscle wound
2
Q
Myorrhexis
A
rupture of a muscle
3
Q
Medical Terminology
A
collection of all terms used by medical professionals to describe work
4
Q
Disease
A
condition in which one or more body parts are not working normally; some diseased are normal for their signs & symptoms
5
Q
Sign
A
evidence of a disease; examiner can see, hear, or otherwise measure/ observe signs (ex: fever = measurable)
6
Q
Diagnosis
A
identification of a disease; to diagnose is the process of reaching a diagnosis
7
Q
Differential Diagnosis
A
To try to determine which of several diseased is causing signs and symptoms; aka ‘rule out’
8
Q
Prognosis
A
prediction of likely course & outcome of a disease
9
Q
Triage
A
screening patients medically to see who needs priority treatment
10
Q
Syndrome
A
set of signs & symptoms that occur together
11
Q
Chronic
A
condition of long duration
12
Q
Acute
A
condition with rapid onset, short duration, and severe causes
13
Q
Trauma
A
wound or injury
14
Q
Inflammation
A
swelling
15
Q
Infection
A
invasion of disease-producing organism
16
Q
Malaise
A
feeling of general discomfort, often the first sign of an infection
17
Q
Exudate
A
fluid, pus
18
Q
Lesion
A
pathologic change of the tissues due to an injury or disease
19
Q
Laceration
A
torn or jagged wound/ accidental cut
20
Q
Mucus (noun)
A
fluid secreted by mucous membranes
21
Q
Mucous (adjective)
A
specialized membranes that line body cavities
22
Q
Palpitation
A
an exam method; examiner’s hands feel the texture, size, consistency & location of body parts to help diagnose a condition or disease
23
Q
Percussion
A
a procedure used by providers to examine patients; the examiner uses a tapping/ drumming method
24
Q
Cyanosis
A
blue skin due to lack of oxygen
25
Leukocyte
White blood cell
26
Pathology
study of all aspects of a disease or condition
27
Microghathia
smaller-than-normal lower jaw
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Myopia
nearsighted, close objects are clear/ far objects are blurred
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Glaucoma
Increased pressure in the eyeball
30
Conductive Hearing Loss
elevated air-conduction threshold
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Sensorineural Hearing Loss
elevated air conduction with headphones or insert earphones, elevated bone-conduction thresholds
32
Treacher Collin's Syndrome
(may include) receding chin, malformed pinna, large mouth, depressed cheekbones, and space between eyelids by slope downward, malformed middle ear bones, may not have ear canals
33
Anatomy
study of body structures
34
Pinna
the external part of the ear (auricle)
35
Physiology
study of body functions
36
Pathologist
a physician (medical doctor) who specializes in the lab analysis of diseased tissue samples to confirm or identify a diagnosis
37
Etiology
study of causes of diseases
38
Glands
group of specialized cells capable of producing secretions
39
Exocrine
secrete chemical substances out of cells into ducts
40
Endocrine
produce hormones (secretions stay within cells)
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Adenosis
any disease or condition of a gland
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Adenitis
inflammation of gland
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Adenomalacia
abnormal softening of a gland
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Adenosclerosis
abnormal hardening of a gland
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adenectomy
Surgical removal of gland
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aplasia
absence of an organ or tissue at birth
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Hypoplasia
deficient number of cells that leads to incomplete development of a tissue or organ
48
Anaplasia
change in structure of cells & their orientation to each other
49
Dysplasia
abnormal growth of cells, tissue or organs
50
Hyperplasia
increase in number of cells that results in the enlargement of a tissue or organ
51
hypertrophy
increase the bulk of an organ or body part due to an increase in the size of cells
52
cell membrane
the membrane that surrounds the cell
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cytoplasm
fluid material within cell membrane, not part of the nucleus
54
nucleus
controls the cells activity (brain of the cell)
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ribosomes
the cells "factories" that translate RNA into proteins
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stem cells
different cells that can renew themselves, change into cells with specialized functions
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system
organization of the body organs with specialized functions
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organs
mass of tissue cells that conduct a specific function
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tissues
a group of similar cells that work together to conduct certain functions
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epithelial tissue
protective layer for external and internal body surfaces
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connective tissues
binds and connects tissues and organs
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muscular tissue
contracts and relaxes for movement
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nervous tissues
responds to stimuli and conducts electrical impulses
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body structure
cells, tissues, organs, and glads that make up body system that work together for proper functioning
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body structure
cells, tissues, organs, and glads that make up body system that work together for proper functioning
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body planes (planes of reference)
imaginary vertical and horizontal lines used to divide the body into descriptive sections that are used for reference
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mid-sagittal
divides the body into equal right and left halves
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sagittal
divides body into right and left portions (not always equal portions)
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frontal
divides body into front and back portions
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transverse
divides body into upper and lower portion
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base, apex
base: bottom
apex: tip
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dorsal cavity
the cranial and spinal cavities combined
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cranial cavity
contains brain
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spinal cavity
contains spinal cord and column
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ventral cavity
body of organs along the front of the body
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thoracic cavity
surrounds and protects the heart and lungs
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abdominal cavity
contains digestive organs
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pelvic cavity
formed by hipbones and contains organs for reproduction and excretion
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cytologist
a specialist in the study and analysis of cells
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histologist
a non-physician provider who specializes in the study of the microscopic structure of tissues
80
general practitioner
physician who provides care for all ages
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internist
physician who specializes in disorders of internal organs
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physicians associate
a licensed provider who works under physician supervision
83
arthritis
joint inflammation
84
stomach inflammation
gastritis
85
tonsillectomy
surgical removal of tonsils
86
muscle pain
myalgia
87
gene
the fundamental functional/physical unit of heredity
88
geneticist
person who specializes in the field of genetics
89
genetic disorder
a condition resulting from a defective or absent gene
90
dominant gene
if inherited from either parent, passes the condition to the child
91
recessive gene
if a child inherits a recessive gene from both parents, then will have condition; if a child inherits a recessive gene from one parent (and a normal gene from the other parent), then the child will not inherit the condition
92
genome
a complete set of genetic information (i.e., Human Genome Project)
93
chromosomes
genetic structures in the cell nucleus that are made up of DNA molecules that contain genes
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DNA
molecule located in chromosome pairs; double-helix structures have thousands of genes
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genetic mutation
a change in the DNA sequence
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cystic fibrosis
disease present at birth that affects the respiratory & digestive systems
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Down syndrome
genetic condition associated with characteristic facial appearance, developmental delays, and physical abnormalities
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hemophilia
an inherited bleeding disorder (in which the blood does not clot)
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hemophilia
an inherited bleeding disorder (in which the blood does not clot)
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huntingtons disease
condition that results in degeneration of the nerves
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muscular dystrophy
group of diseases that includes progressive muscle weakness and degeneration
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Phenylketonuria (PKU)
rare disease with a missing digestive enzyme, results in severe intellectual disability
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pathogen
micro-organism that causes diseases
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transmission
spread of disease
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contamination
likelihood that a pathogen is present; higher probability if infection control methods are lacking
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communicable disease
spread from one person to another via direct or indirect contact
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indirect contact transmission
person is infected by a contaminated surface
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droplet transmission
disease spreads via respiratory droplets (coughing/sneezing)
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airborne transmission
disease spreads by germs in the air
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food borne or water borne transmission
disease spreads by contaminated food or water
111
vector borne transmission
disease spreads from a vector (carrier), such as a mosquito or raccoon w/ rabies
112
epidemiologist
specialist who studies disease outbreaks
113
endemic
on-going presence of disease
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epidemic
sudden outbreak or a disease
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pandemic
disease outbreak over a large geographic area
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infectious
caused by pathogen
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laterogenic
cause by an unfavorable response to a prescribed medical treatment
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idiopathic
illness or disease without known cause
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nosocomial infection
disease acquired in a hospital
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congenital disorder
condition present at birth
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developmental disorder
malformation present at birth (by age 22 years)
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anomaly
deviation from what is typical
ex: atresia- absence of normal body opening
123
speech-language pathology
Branch of health care devoted to the study, diagnosis, and treatment of speech and language disorders (and swallowing disorders)
124
speech-language pathologist
Health care professional who is credentialed in the practice of speech-language pathology to provide a comprehensive array of services related to prevention, evaluation, and rehabilitation of speech and language disorders; may treat & diagnose individuals with swallowing disorders
125
audiology
Branch of health care devoted to the study, diagnosis, and treatment of hearing disorders, tinnitus, and balance dysfunction
126
audiologist
Health care professional who is credentialed in the practice of audiology to provide a comprehensive array of services related to prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of hearing impairment and its associated communication disorder, and in the assessment and treatment of balance impairment
127
sanctions
penalties for unethical and/or illegal behaviors
ex: fines, license revoked
128
ethics
Systematizing, defending, & recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior
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professional ethics
Standards of behavior or judgments that provide guidance to members of the profession about how to act when they have to make decisions
130
disability
a functional limitation that interferes with a person’s ability to walk, lift, hear, learn, etc.
131
word root
conveys the basic meaning of the word, usually describes what part of the body is involved, roots cannot stand alone
132
combining form
root plus a combining vowel which is often “o”; adding the combining vowel makes the word easier to pronounce
133
suffix
added to the end of words to complete the term, some suffixes make the root a noun, others make the root an adjective; noun suffixes may indicate a condition, disorder, disease, or procedure
134
prefix
added to the beginning of a word, often indicates the number, time or location
134
prefix
added to the beginning of a word, often indicates the number, time or location
135
culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) Patients
Clients/patients who come from a home environment where a language other than English is spoken
136
mircroaggressions
statements or behaviors that communicate a negative message about a non-dominant group
137
health literacy
understanding basic health information to make appropriate decisions
