PATH terminology > Medical Terms PATH > Flashcards

Medical Terms PATH Flashcards

(100 cards)

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1
Q

Abduction

A

Movement away from the midline of the body. In the EAAT setting, this most often refers to the participant’s legs separating or moving away from each other

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2
Q

Adaptive Behavior

A

Behavior that allows an individual to accommodate the natural and social demands of the environment

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3
Q

Adduction

A

Movement toward the midline of the body. In the EAAT setting, this is most often used in reference to the participant’s legs moving together. An individual who has tight or spastic adductor muscles (inner thigh muscles) may have difficulty sitting astride the equine.

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4
Q

Anterior

A

The front of the body, OR toward the front of the body. In humans, anterior is synonymous with ventral, which means “toward the abdomen”

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5
Q

Asymmetrical

A

Lack of symmetry, or lack of similarity between corresponding parts or organs on opposite sides of the body that are normally alike. In the EAAT setting, this is most often used in reference to the participant’s position on the equine, as in and individual w/ hemiplegia or scoliosis

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6
Q

Ataxia

A

Incoordination that manifests especially when voluntary movements are attempted. A characteristic of types of brain injury and cerebral palsy. (my interpretation - Uncoordinated)

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7
Q

Athetosis

A

A condition that involves involuntary slow irregular twisting movements. It is a characteristic of damage to certain areas of the brain. It may be observed in athetoid or dyskinetic cerebral palsy

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8
Q

Bilateral

A

Affecting or occurring on both sides of the body. For ex, a participant who has bilateral hearing aids wears hearing aids on both ears

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9
Q

Bilateral Motor Coordination

A

Skill and performance is purposeful movement that requires interaction between both sides of the body in a smooth, refined manner

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10
Q

Central Nervous System

A

The brain and spinal cord

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11
Q

Congenital

A

Existing from birth

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12
Q

Contracture

A

A limitation of range of motion of a joint. This condition is due to shortening of muscles, tendons and/or ligaments around joints. Contractures of the hip may result in a contraindication to mounted EAA

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13
Q

Crossing midline

A

Crossing the vertical center line of the body, such as with an arm. An individual needs to use both sides of their brain in order to cross midline effectively

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14
Q

Cyanosis

A

A bluish or purplish discoloration (as of skin) due to deficient oxygen in the blood

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15
Q

Decubitus Ulcer

A

A skin lesion caused by pressure to an area of the body. Also known as a pressure sore or pressure injury. Decubitus ulcers on a weight-bearing surface of the body are a contraindication to riding

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16
Q

Developmental Disability

A

A disability that interrupts or delays the typical developmental sequence

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17
Q

Diplegia

A

Quadriplegia with greater involvement of the lower body than upper body. Commonly used with regards to cerebral palsy. An individual who has diplegic cerebral palsy has significant involvement (more affected) of their legs and trunk with the arms and hands less affected.

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18
Q

Distal

A

Further or furthest from the trunk (e.g. hand is distal to the elbow).

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19
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Bending the ankle in a way that brings the toes up.

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20
Q

Edema

A

Swelling

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21
Q

Epilepsy

A

Seizure disorder

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22
Q

Equilibrium

A

A state of balance

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23
Q

Extension

A

To straighten the body or a joint. For ex: extension of the elbow results in straightening the arm

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24
Q

External Rotation

A

To rotate outward away from the body’s midline. In the realm of EAAT, external rotation of the hips is discussed most frequently. To externally rotate a hip, the thigh is turned away from the center of the body so that the knee points out, away from the other knee. Extreme external rotation puts the individual at risk for hip subluxation or dislocation

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25
External Rotation
To rotate outward away from the body's midline. In the realm of EAAT, external rotation of the hips is discussed most frequently. To externally rotate a hip, the thigh is turned away from the center of the body so that the knee points out, away from the other knee. Extreme external rotation puts the individual at risk for hip subluxation or dislocation
26
Flaccid
A complete lack of tension in muscles; excessively relaxed or floppy. An individual who has had a spinal cord injury may experience flaccid muscles below the level of injury. Flaccid muscles surrounding a joint can cause instability of the joint
27
Flexion
To bend the body or a joint. Ex: flexion of the knee results in the leg being bent.
28
Hemiplegia
Paralysis or paresis involving one side of the body, either right or left side. May be a characteristic of brain injury or cerebral palsy.
29
Hyperextension
Straightening of a joint beyond the joints normal position
30
Hypertonia
Increased resting tension of a muscle. This may make it more difficult to move a part of the body in a particular direction.
31
Hypotonia
Decreased resting tension of a muscle. This may cause the person to use greater effort to move or hold themselves up against gravity. Hypotonia may cause greater instability of joints
32
Inferior
Below or lower than, in reference to anatomy. Ex; the ankle is inferior to the knee
33
Internal Rotation
To rotate inward toward the body's midline. In EAAT, it is most often discussed in relation to the hips. Internal rotation of the hip results in the thigh turning inward, toward the other leg, so that the knee points toward the other leg. Internal rotation of the hip results in increased susceptibility to hip subluxation or dislocation
34
Kinesthesia
Conscious perception of extent, direction, position and weight of movement of the body in space. Kinesthesia relies on the proprioceptive and vestibular senses. Proprioception, otherwise known as kinesthesia, is your body's ability to sense movement, action, and location. relating to a vestibule, particularly that of the inner ear, or more generally to the sense of balance
35
Kyphosis
An abnormal spinal curvature resulting in an excessively rounded upper back. Kyphosis is a precaution or contraindication to riding
36
Lateral
Side, or to the side
37
Lateral Flexion
Movement of the head and/or trunk sideways, away from the midline of the body. Lateral flexion is observed in the rider's trunk as they sit on a walking equine.
38
Lordosis
An abnormal spinal curvature resulting in an excessively arched lower back. Lordosis is a precaution or contraindication to riding
39
Medial
Toward the center of the bod
40
Microtrauma
Slight injury or lesion
41
Midline
Imaginary straight line through the center of the body from head to toe
42
Muscle Tone
The resting tension of a muscle that contract without excess slack or shortening
43
Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthosis (KAFO)
Tall leg braces that help to position and/or support the leg for walking, up to mid-thigh. KAFOs often need to be removed before riding
44
Occlude
To close up or block off
45
Ocular Control
The basis of all aspects of vision consisting of 3 components: Fixation: Holding the eyes still in order to look at something Visual Tracking: Ability to follow movement with the eyes after first fixating the eyes on something Focus: The ability to rapidly change from looking at a near to far object, or from far to near
46
Orthosis
A brace to support used to position, align or support a part of the body. The plural of orthosis is "orthoses"
47
Paresis
Partial or incomplete paralysis, involving muscle weakness
48
Praxis
Skill and performance of purposeful movement that involves motor planning
49
Pronation
Turning the palm of the hand down or tipping the sole of the foot so that the weight is shifted to the arch of the foot
50
Proprioception
Sense of body awareness in space
51
Movement away from the midline of the body. In the EAAT setting, this most often refers to the participant's legs separating or moving away from each other
Abduction
52
Behavior that allows an individual to accommodate the natural and social demands of the environment
Adaptive Behavior
53
Movement toward the midline of the body. In the EAAT setting, this is most often used in reference to the participant's legs moving together. An individual who has tight or spastic adductor muscles (inner thigh muscles) may have difficulty sitting astride the equine.
Adduction
54
The front of the body, OR toward the front of the body. In humans, anterior is synonymous with ventral, which means "toward the abdomen"
Anterior
55
Lack of symmetry, or lack of similarity between corresponding parts or organs on opposite sides of the body that are normally alike. In the EAAT setting, this is most often used in reference to the participant's position on the equine, as in and individual w/ hemiplegia or scoliosis
Asymmetrical
56
Incoordination that manifests especially when voluntary movements are attempted. A characteristic of types of brain injury and cerebral palsy. (my interpretation - Uncoordinated)
Ataxia
57
A condition that involves involuntary slow irregular twisting movements. It is a characteristic of damage to certain areas of the brain. It may be observed in athetoid or dyskinetic cerebral palsy
Athetosis
58
Affecting or occurring on both sides of the body. For ex, a participant who has bilateral hearing aids wears hearing aids on both ears
Bilateral
59
Skill and performance is purposeful movement that requires interaction between both sides of the body in a smooth, refined manner
Bilateral Motor Coordination
60
The brain and spinal cord
Central Nervous System
61
Existing from birth
Congenital
62
A limitation of range of motion of a joint. This condition is due to shortening of muscles, tendons and/or ligaments around joints. Contractures of the hip may result in a contraindication to mounted EAA
Contracture
63
Crossing the vertical center line of the body, such as with an arm. An individual needs to use both sides of their brain in order to cross midline effectively
Crossing midline
64
A bluish or purplish discoloration (as of skin) due to deficient oxygen in the blood
Cyanosis
65
A skin lesion caused by pressure to an area of the body. Also known as a pressure sore or pressure injury. Decubitus ulcers on a weight-bearing surface of the body are a contraindication to riding
Decubitus Ulcer
66
A disability that interrupts or delays the typical developmental sequence
Developmental Disability
67
Quadriplegia with greater involvement of the lower body than upper body. Commonly used with regards to cerebral palsy. An individual who has diplegic cerebral palsy has significant involvement (more affected) of their legs and trunk with the arms and hands less affected.
Diplegia
68
Further or furthest from the trunk (e.g. hand is distal to the elbow).
Distal
69
Bending the ankle in a way that brings the toes up.
Dorsiflexion
70
Swelling
Edema
71
Seizure disorder
Epilepsy
72
A state of balance
Equilibrium
73
To straighten the body or a joint. For ex: extension of the elbow results in straightening the arm
Extension
74
To rotate outward away from the body's midline. In the realm of EAAT, external rotation of the hips is discussed most frequently. To externally rotate a hip, the thigh is turned away from the center of the body so that the knee points out, away from the other knee. Extreme external rotation puts the individual at risk for hip subluxation or dislocation
External Rotation
75
To rotate outward away from the body's midline. In the realm of EAAT, external rotation of the hips is discussed most frequently. To externally rotate a hip, the thigh is turned away from the center of the body so that the knee points out, away from the other knee. Extreme external rotation puts the individual at risk for hip subluxation or dislocation
External Rotation
76
A complete lack of tension in muscles; excessively relaxed or floppy. An individual who has had a spinal cord injury may experience flaccid muscles below the level of injury. Flaccid muscles surrounding a joint can cause instability of the joint
Flaccid
77
To bend the body or a joint. Ex: flexion of the knee results in the leg being bent.
Flexion
78
Paralysis or paresis involving one side of the body, either right or left side. May be a characteristic of brain injury or cerebral palsy.
Hemiplegia
79
Straightening of a joint beyond the joints normal position
Hyperextension
80
Increased resting tension of a muscle. This may make it more difficult to move a part of the body in a particular direction.
Hypertonia
81
Decreased resting tension of a muscle. This may cause the person to use greater effort to move or hold themselves up against gravity. Hypotonia may cause greater instability of joints
Hypotonia
82
Below or lower than, in reference to anatomy. Ex; the ankle is inferior to the knee
Inferior
83
To rotate inward toward the body's midline. In EAAT, it is most often discussed in relation to the hips. Internal rotation of the hip results in the thigh turning inward, toward the other leg, so that the knee points toward the other leg. Internal rotation of the hip results in increased susceptibility to hip subluxation or dislocation
Internal Rotation
84
Conscious perception of extent, direction, position and weight of movement of the body in space. Kinesthesia relies on the proprioceptive and vestibular senses. Proprioception, otherwise known as kinesthesia, is your body's ability to sense movement, action, and location. relating to a vestibule, particularly that of the inner ear, or more generally to the sense of balance
Kinesthesia
85
An abnormal spinal curvature resulting in an excessively rounded upper back. Kyphosis is a precaution or contraindication to riding
Kyphosis
86
Side, or to the side
Lateral
87
Movement of the head and/or trunk sideways, away from the midline of the body. Lateral flexion is observed in the rider's trunk as they sit on a walking equine.
Lateral Flexion
88
An abnormal spinal curvature resulting in an excessively arched lower back. Lordosis is a precaution or contraindication to riding
Lordosis
89
Toward the center of the bod
Medial
90
Slight injury or lesion
Microtrauma
91
Imaginary straight line through the center of the body from head to toe
Midline
92
The resting tension of a muscle that contract without excess slack or shortening
Muscle Tone
93
Tall leg braces that help to position and/or support the leg for walking, up to mid-thigh. KAFOs often need to be removed before riding
Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthosis (KAFO)
94
To close up or block off
Occlude
95
The basis of all aspects of vision consisting of 3 components: Fixation: Holding the eyes still in order to look at something Visual Tracking: Ability to follow movement with the eyes after first fixating the eyes on something Focus: The ability to rapidly change from looking at a near to far object, or from far to near
Ocular Control
96
A brace to support used to position, align or support a part of the body. The plural of orthosis is "orthoses"
Orthosis
97
Partial or incomplete paralysis, involving muscle weakness
Paresis
98
Skill and performance of purposeful movement that involves motor planning
Praxis
99
Turning the palm of the hand down or tipping the sole of the foot so that the weight is shifted to the arch of the foot
Pronation
100
Sense of body awareness in space
Proprioception

PATH terminology (4 decks)

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