Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

cardiovascular > medication > Flashcards

medication Flashcards

(76 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

beta blocker names

A

Bisoprolol

metoprolol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

pharmacology of beta blockers

A

Blocks B1+B2 receptors by inhibiting sympathetic catecholamines
reduce HR, contractility and systolic wall tension; negatively ionotropic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

beta blockers are used for

A

Chronic heart failure – improves survival, careful use
STEMI/NonSTEMI, unstable angina
symptomatic relief for angina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ARNI’s pharmacology and use

A

Blocks AT1 receptors selectively for vaso contraction, proliferation, aldosterone and cardiac myocyte proliferation

heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ACE inhibitors names

A

Ramipril
enalapril
lisinopril

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

side effects of ACe inhibitors

A

Cough

First dose hypotension, angioedema, renal impairment, renal failure, hyperkalaemia, interacts with NSAIDS, potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ACEI used for

A

Heart failure, STEMI, unstable angina, NONSTEMI, stable angina, hypertension (stage 1 for <55yrs old)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

CCB names

A

Amlodipine felodipine – vasodilators

non-dihydropyridines verapamil
diltiazem – rate limiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

CCB used for

A

Stable angina
hypertension (stage 1 >55 or African Caribbean)
dysrhythmias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

nitrovasodilators names

A

Glycerol trinitrate – GTN
hydralazine
isosorbide dinitrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

nitro vasodilators mechanism

A

Encourages release of NO stimulate cGMP causing vasodilation; reduces preload and afterload

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

nitro vasodilators used for

A

Hypertension
stable angina
nitro-glycerine immediately with unstable angina or a nonstemi
I.V. with papillary muscle tear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Alpha adrenoreceptor antagonists name and use

A

Doxazosin for hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

mechanism of doxazosin

A

Blocks alpha 1 receptors encouraging vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ARB’s are used for

A

hypertension and sometimes congestive heart failure 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

warfarin can be used for

A

Chronic heart failure, Post MI thrombus, artificial valve for life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ivabradine can be used for

A

Angina, heart failure, ventricular tachycardia

used when bpm >70

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ivabradine’s pharmacology

A

Rate limiting used with beta blockers for chronic heart failure
slows pulse without hypotension,
IK channel blocker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

for pregnancy what drug is recommended for controlling hypertension

A

methyldopa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

digoxin side effects

A

Toxicity
narrow index
consider Digifab
may cause arrhythmia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

digoxin mechanism

A

Increases Ca2+ availability by blocking the Na+/K+ pump
positive inotrope
enhances cardiac function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

digoxin is used for

A

chronic heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

thrombolysis names

A

Serine proteases – plasmin
alteplase, retaplase, feretplase

streptokinase (non fibrin specific)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

thrombolysis mechanism

A

Works to bread down clots either directly or indirectly through plasmin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
risks of thrombolysis
Increased chance of haemorrhages | risk factors; infarct, vessel occlusion, diabetic, blood pressure, age, severity, antiplatelets
26
thrombolysis is used for
stroke, stemi
27
aspirin mechanism
Prevents formation of thromboxane A2 and anti-inflammatory preventing prostaglandin formation protects endothelium
28
aspirin can be used for
``` Stable angina used after PCI used with clopidrogrel after a STEMI used with dipyridamole after a stroke immediately after a non-stemi 1 year with clopidogrel after a nonstemi peripheral vascular disease ```
29
ADP receptor blockers examples
Clopidogrel | prasugrel
30
ADP receptor blockers used for
Stroke STEMI with aspirin 1 year after a non-Stemi for unstable angina
31
heparin names
Enoxaparin dalteparin tinzaparin fondaparinx
32
heparin used for
Non-stemi, unstable angina late stage pregnancy deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and arterial thromboembolism
33
statins mechanism
Blocks HMG CoA reductase preventing cholesterol formation in the liver
34
names of statin drugs
Simvastatin | pravastatin
35
conditions statins are used for
Stroke, stemi, unstable angina, nonstemi, stable angina, hypertension
36
nicorandil does
Activate ATP K+ channels, cause vasodilation, inhibits Calcium influx causing a negative inotropic action cardioprotective
37
nicorandil is used for
angina
38
ranolazine does
Inhibits latent Na+ current, reduced intracellular calcium levels relieving tension
39
ranolazine is used for
angina
40
diuretic names
Thiazide (chlortalidone, indapamide) aldosterone antagonists (K+ sparing spironolactone) loop furosemide
41
diuretics used for
Symptomatic relief in chronic heart failure, hypertension (Step 2 treatment (Step 3 CCB, ACEI, diuretic) step 4 treatment with low dose)
42
amiodarone does
Class 3 anti-arrhythmic | K+ channel blockade, delays repolarization and increases action potential and refractory period
43
amiodarone is used for
Used with anti-tachycardia pacing for ventricular dysrhythmia
44
beta 2 agonist side effects
Tremor, cramp, headache, flushing, angina, palpitations | can’t be used with beta blocker
45
ICS names
Fostair, revlar
46
ICS side effects
Oral candidiasis | dysphonia
47
Leukotrienes receptor antagonist names and use
allergic asthma Montelukast zafirlukast
48
theophylline mechanism and use
Nonspecific phosphodiesterase inhibitor and adenosine receptor antagonist bronchodilator asthma
49
oral steroid prednisolone side effects
Steroid alert card Abrupt ceasing causes acute adrenal insufficiency long term; low b.p. poor hearing, red striations
50
anti IgE name and use
omalizumab | allergic asthma IgE
51
chemotherapy NSCLC names
Stage 1B 2 - cisplatin + vinorelbine post op stage 3 – pre op chemo + RT 3+ 4 pemetrexed
52
targeted adenocarcinoma therapy names
EGFR – erlotinib, gefitinib alk trans - Crizotinib, alectinib BRAF – vemurafenib ROS alt – crizotinib
53
targeted adenocarcinoma therapy mechanism
Immunity checkpoint inhibitors | tyrosine kinase inhibitors
54
nivolumab nsclc mechanism
Blocks PD1 from binding to PDL1 | targeted therapy
55
small cell lung cancer names chemo
Cisplatin + etoposide + RT
56
CF antibiotics names
Beta lactam + aminoglycoside
57
CF antibiotics routes
Oral for; staph, haemophilus, pneumococcus | I.V. for pseudomonas, stenotrophomonas maltophilia , burkholderia cepacia
58
CF ivacaftor drug target and mechanism
Targets G551D gene improves chloride transport
59
TB chemo names
.Rifampicin 2. isoniazid 3. pyrazinamide 4. ethambutol
60
TB chemo side effects
. orange tears, hepatitis, induces liver enzymes, 2. Hepatitis, optic neuropathy (3) 4. Gout
61
pneumonia antibiotics names and groups
Clarithromyocin – macrolide amoxycillin – beta lactam co-amoxiclav – beta lactam
62
community acquired IE antibiotics names and groups
Ampicillin – beta lactams cloxacillin -beta lactams gentamicin – aminoglycoside
63
early PVE antibiotics names and groups
Vancomyocin – aminoglycoside gentamyocin – aminoglycoside rifampin – other
64
Vaughan william's classification Class 1a drug name and mechanism
blocks sodium channels delaying repolarisation increasing Action potential disopyramide
65
Vaughan william's classification Class 1a used for
Used for atrial fibrillation, premature atrial contractions, premature ventricular contractions, ventricular tachycardia, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
66
Vaughan william's classification Class 1b used for
Used for ventricular dysrhythmias only (premature ventricular contractions, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation)
67
Vaughan william's classification Class 1b name and mechanism
Block sodium channels Accelerate repolarization Decrease the action potential duration phenytoin, lidocaine
68
Vaughan william's classification Class 1c name and mechanism
Block sodium channels (more pronounced effect) Little effect on action potential duration or repolarization flecainide
69
Vaughan william's classification Class 1c is used for
Used for severe ventricular dysrhythmias | May be used in atrial fibrillation/flutter
70
class 2 beta blockers name and mechanism
atenolol, bisoprolol Reduce or block sympathetic nervous system stimulation, thus reducing transmission of impulses in the heart’s conduction system Depress phase 4 depolarization
71
beta blockers used for what arrhythmias
General myocardial depressants for both supraventricular and ventricular dysrhythmias Now first line for atrial fibrillation (Bisoprolol)
72
class 4 Vaughan William's classification drugs names and mechanism
verapamil Calcium channel blockers Depress phase 4 depolarization
73
class 4 Vaughan William's classification drugs used for
Used for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia; rate control for atrial fibrillation and flutter
74
adenosine mechanism for arrhythmias
Slows conduction through the AV node | Used to convert paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia to sinus rhythm
75
signs of digoxin toxicity
``` Nausea and vomiting Xanthopsia Bradycardia Tachycardia Arrhythmias: VT and VF ``` if worried give digiband and watch potassium levels
76
amiodarone used for
Used for VT and occasionally in supraventricular tachycardia

cardiovascular (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions