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cardiovascular > medication > Flashcards

medication Flashcards

1
Q

beta blocker names

A

Bisoprolol

metoprolol

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2
Q

pharmacology of beta blockers

A

Blocks B1+B2 receptors by inhibiting sympathetic catecholamines
reduce HR, contractility and systolic wall tension; negatively ionotropic

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3
Q

beta blockers are used for

A

Chronic heart failure – improves survival, careful use
STEMI/NonSTEMI, unstable angina
symptomatic relief for angina

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4
Q

ARNI’s pharmacology and use

A

Blocks AT1 receptors selectively for vaso contraction, proliferation, aldosterone and cardiac myocyte proliferation

heart failure

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5
Q

ACE inhibitors names

A

Ramipril
enalapril
lisinopril

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6
Q

side effects of ACe inhibitors

A

Cough

First dose hypotension, angioedema, renal impairment, renal failure, hyperkalaemia, interacts with NSAIDS, potassium

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7
Q

ACEI used for

A

Heart failure, STEMI, unstable angina, NONSTEMI, stable angina, hypertension (stage 1 for <55yrs old)

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8
Q

CCB names

A

Amlodipine felodipine – vasodilators

non-dihydropyridines verapamil
diltiazem – rate limiting

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9
Q

CCB used for

A

Stable angina
hypertension (stage 1 >55 or African Caribbean)
dysrhythmias

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10
Q

nitrovasodilators names

A

Glycerol trinitrate – GTN
hydralazine
isosorbide dinitrate

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11
Q

nitro vasodilators mechanism

A

Encourages release of NO stimulate cGMP causing vasodilation; reduces preload and afterload

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12
Q

nitro vasodilators used for

A

Hypertension
stable angina
nitro-glycerine immediately with unstable angina or a nonstemi
I.V. with papillary muscle tear

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13
Q

Alpha adrenoreceptor antagonists name and use

A

Doxazosin for hypertension

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14
Q

mechanism of doxazosin

A

Blocks alpha 1 receptors encouraging vasoconstriction

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15
Q

ARB’s are used for

A

hypertension and sometimes congestive heart failure 2

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16
Q

warfarin can be used for

A

Chronic heart failure, Post MI thrombus, artificial valve for life

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17
Q

ivabradine can be used for

A

Angina, heart failure, ventricular tachycardia

used when bpm >70

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18
Q

ivabradine’s pharmacology

A

Rate limiting used with beta blockers for chronic heart failure
slows pulse without hypotension,
IK channel blocker

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19
Q

for pregnancy what drug is recommended for controlling hypertension

A

methyldopa

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20
Q

digoxin side effects

A

Toxicity
narrow index
consider Digifab
may cause arrhythmia

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21
Q

digoxin mechanism

A

Increases Ca2+ availability by blocking the Na+/K+ pump
positive inotrope
enhances cardiac function

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22
Q

digoxin is used for

A

chronic heart failure

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23
Q

thrombolysis names

A

Serine proteases – plasmin
alteplase, retaplase, feretplase

streptokinase (non fibrin specific)

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24
Q

thrombolysis mechanism

A

Works to bread down clots either directly or indirectly through plasmin

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25
Q

risks of thrombolysis

A

Increased chance of haemorrhages

risk factors; infarct, vessel occlusion, diabetic, blood pressure, age, severity, antiplatelets

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26
Q

thrombolysis is used for

A

stroke, stemi

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27
Q

aspirin mechanism

A

Prevents formation of thromboxane A2 and anti-inflammatory preventing prostaglandin formation
protects endothelium

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28
Q

aspirin can be used for

A 
Stable angina used after PCI 
used with clopidrogrel after a STEMI 
used with dipyridamole after a stroke
immediately after a non-stemi 
1 year with clopidogrel after a nonstemi   
peripheral vascular disease
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29
Q

ADP receptor blockers examples

A

Clopidogrel

prasugrel

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30
Q

ADP receptor blockers used for

A

Stroke
STEMI with aspirin
1 year after a non-Stemi
for unstable angina

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31
Q

heparin names

A

Enoxaparin
dalteparin
tinzaparin
fondaparinx

32
Q

heparin used for

A

Non-stemi, unstable angina
late stage pregnancy
deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and arterial thromboembolism

33
Q

statins mechanism

A

Blocks HMG CoA reductase preventing cholesterol formation in the liver

34
Q

names of statin drugs

A

Simvastatin

pravastatin

35
Q

conditions statins are used for

A

Stroke, stemi, unstable angina, nonstemi, stable angina, hypertension

36
Q

nicorandil does

A

Activate ATP K+ channels, cause vasodilation, inhibits Calcium influx causing a negative inotropic action
cardioprotective

37
Q

nicorandil is used for

A

angina

38
Q

ranolazine does

A

Inhibits latent Na+ current, reduced intracellular calcium levels relieving tension

39
Q

ranolazine is used for

A

angina

40
Q

diuretic names

A

Thiazide (chlortalidone, indapamide)
aldosterone antagonists
(K+ sparing spironolactone)
loop furosemide

41
Q

diuretics used for

A

Symptomatic relief in chronic heart failure, hypertension (Step 2 treatment
(Step 3 CCB, ACEI, diuretic)
step 4 treatment with low dose)

42
Q

amiodarone does

A

Class 3 anti-arrhythmic

K+ channel blockade, delays repolarization and increases action potential and refractory period

43
Q

amiodarone is used for

A

Used with anti-tachycardia pacing for ventricular dysrhythmia

44
Q

beta 2 agonist side effects

A

Tremor, cramp, headache, flushing, angina, palpitations

can’t be used with beta blocker

45
Q

ICS names

A

Fostair, revlar

46
Q

ICS side effects

A

Oral candidiasis

dysphonia

47
Q

Leukotrienes receptor antagonist names and use

A

allergic asthma

Montelukast
zafirlukast

48
Q

theophylline mechanism and use

A

Nonspecific phosphodiesterase inhibitor and adenosine receptor antagonist
bronchodilator
asthma

49
Q

oral steroid prednisolone side effects

A

Steroid alert card
Abrupt ceasing causes acute adrenal insufficiency
long term; low b.p. poor hearing, red striations

50
Q

anti IgE name and use

A

omalizumab

allergic asthma IgE

51
Q

chemotherapy NSCLC names

A

Stage 1B 2 - cisplatin + vinorelbine post op

stage 3 – pre op chemo + RT
3+ 4 pemetrexed

52
Q

targeted adenocarcinoma therapy names

A

EGFR – erlotinib, gefitinib
alk trans - Crizotinib, alectinib
BRAF – vemurafenib
ROS alt – crizotinib

53
Q

targeted adenocarcinoma therapy mechanism

A

Immunity checkpoint inhibitors

tyrosine kinase inhibitors

54
Q

nivolumab nsclc mechanism

A

Blocks PD1 from binding to PDL1

targeted therapy

55
Q

small cell lung cancer names chemo

A

Cisplatin + etoposide + RT

56
Q

CF antibiotics names

A

Beta lactam + aminoglycoside

57
Q

CF antibiotics routes

A

Oral for; staph, haemophilus, pneumococcus

I.V. for pseudomonas, stenotrophomonas maltophilia , burkholderia cepacia

58
Q

CF ivacaftor drug target and mechanism

A

Targets G551D gene improves chloride transport

59
Q

TB chemo names

A

.Rifampicin

  1. isoniazid
  2. pyrazinamide
  3. ethambutol
60
Q

TB chemo side effects

A

. orange tears, hepatitis, induces liver enzymes,

  1. Hepatitis, optic neuropathy (3)
  2. Gout
61
Q

pneumonia antibiotics names and groups

A

Clarithromyocin – macrolide
amoxycillin – beta lactam
co-amoxiclav – beta lactam

62
Q

community acquired IE antibiotics names and groups

A

Ampicillin – beta lactams
cloxacillin -beta lactams
gentamicin – aminoglycoside

63
Q

early PVE antibiotics names and groups

A

Vancomyocin – aminoglycoside
gentamyocin – aminoglycoside
rifampin – other

64
Q

Vaughan william’s classification Class 1a drug name and mechanism

A

blocks sodium channels delaying repolarisation increasing Action potential

disopyramide

65
Q

Vaughan william’s classification Class 1a used for

A

Used for atrial fibrillation, premature atrial contractions, premature ventricular contractions, ventricular tachycardia, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

66
Q

Vaughan william’s classification Class 1b used for

A

Used for ventricular dysrhythmias only (premature ventricular contractions, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation)

67
Q

Vaughan william’s classification Class 1b name and mechanism

A

Block sodium channels
Accelerate repolarization
Decrease the action potential duration

phenytoin, lidocaine

68
Q

Vaughan william’s classification Class 1c name and mechanism

A

Block sodium channels (more pronounced effect)
Little effect on action potential duration or repolarization

flecainide

69
Q

Vaughan william’s classification Class 1c is used for

A

Used for severe ventricular dysrhythmias

May be used in atrial fibrillation/flutter

70
Q

class 2 beta blockers name and mechanism

A

atenolol, bisoprolol

Reduce or block sympathetic nervous system stimulation, thus reducing transmission of impulses in the heart’s conduction system
Depress phase 4 depolarization

71
Q

beta blockers used for what arrhythmias

A

General myocardial depressants for both supraventricular and ventricular dysrhythmias
Now first line for atrial fibrillation (Bisoprolol)

72
Q

class 4 Vaughan William’s classification drugs names and mechanism

A

verapamil

Calcium channel blockers
Depress phase 4 depolarization

73
Q

class 4 Vaughan William’s classification drugs used for

A

Used for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia; rate control for atrial fibrillation and flutter

74
Q

adenosine mechanism for arrhythmias

A

Slows conduction through the AV node

Used to convert paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia to sinus rhythm

75
Q

signs of digoxin toxicity

A 
Nausea and vomiting
Xanthopsia
Bradycardia
Tachycardia
Arrhythmias: VT and VF

if worried give digiband and watch potassium levels

76
Q

amiodarone used for

A

Used for VT and occasionally in supraventricular tachycardia

cardiovascular (6 decks)

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