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2nd Semester > medication prep > Flashcards

medication prep Flashcards

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1
Q

trade name

A

brand or proprietary name, usually w/ a trademark

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2
Q

generic name

A

chemically descriptive drug name that is not protected by a trademark

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3
Q

chemical name

A

describes the constituents and their chemical configuration w/in the drug molecule

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4
Q

drugs can be classified by their therapeutic use or their actions

A

analgesics, anesthetics, anthelmintics, antibiotics, anticoagulants, anticonvulsants, antidiarrheals, antifungals, anti-inflammatories, antipruritics, antitussives, biologicals, cardiovascular drugs, cathartics, ceruminolytics, diuretics, hematinics, hormones, ophthalmics, otics, sedatives, tranquilizers

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5
Q

a written* prescription must include:

A

name, address, phone # of clinic

date prescription was written

owners name + address

species of animal

rx symbol on the paper

drug name, concentration, quantity dispensed

sig abbreviation w/ directions (1 tab PO BID for 7 days)

signature of prescriber

DEA number if controlled substance (+ DOB of owner and signed paper and log)

of refills

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6
Q

analgesics

A

pain - buprenorphine, hydromorphone, fentanyl, ketamine (some properties)

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7
Q

anesthetic

A

used for induction and maintenance (keeping an animal under anesthesia) - propofol

usually mixed with an anticonvulsant

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8
Q

antiemetics

A

anti-nausea

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9
Q

antibiotics

A

“against bacteria” ex: metronidazole, clavamox, baytril

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10
Q

anticoagulants

A

blood thinners - heparin

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11
Q

anticonvulsants

A

anti-seizure - phenobarbital (long term), kepra, diazapam, medazolam

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12
Q

antidiarrheals

A

metronidazole, pro-pectalin

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13
Q

antifungals

A

work against fungal infections; itraconazole, miconazole

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14
Q

anti-inflammatories

A

meloxicam

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15
Q

anti-pruritics

A

anti-itch; apoquel, cytopoint

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16
Q

antitussives

A

anti-cough; hydrocodone

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17
Q

biologicals

A

vaccines (distemper, parvo, lepto, influenza) (fvrcp, feline leukemia) +rabies

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18
Q

cardiovascular drugs

A

pimobendan, statins

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19
Q

cathartic

A

apomorphine (induce v), activated charcoal w/ sorbitol (charcoal coats and sorbitol pushes everything through)

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20
Q

ceruminolytics

A

ear cleaners, epiotics, trizEDTA

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21
Q

diuretics

A

pulls excess fluids out to make p urinate more; furosimide

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22
Q

hematinics

A

transfusion blood

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23
Q

hormones

A

given for things like FSH, addison’s/cushing’s, oxytocin for dystocia,

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24
Q

ophthalmics

A

eye meds; ofloxacin, optimmune, eye-lube, dexamethazone

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25
otics
ear meds; posatex, oti-pack,
26
sedatives/tranquilizers
gabapentin, trazodone, ketamine (kinda/disassociative), butorphanol
27
on prescription label* (on bottle)
name/address/phone # of clinic name/designation of prescriber pet owner's name pet's name date rx was written species of animal animal identification (name or chart #) drug name, concentration, quantity directions (not abbreviated) of refilles
28
needle disposal
- OSHA - sharps container (scalpel blades, slides, capillary tubes, broken glass tubes, stylettes for catheters) - either recap one hand or not at all, str8 2 sharps
29
needles
bigger the number, smaller the needle
30
25 gauge
good for giving vaxs, or if pulling from small animal (like 5lb chihuahua off saphenous), but butterfly will typically take place
31
22 gauge
most common, venous blood samples in cats and dogs, coag panel
32
20 gauge
6 cc needle, serum
33
18 gauge
common for large dogs, cattle, horses, swine - used with IV catheters
34
jamshidi needle
thick needle w/ cutting edge used to collect bone marrow biopsies
35
tru-cut
biopsy needle w/ trigger used for cutaneous or organ biopsy (via ultrasound) specimen is cut, trapped, and withdrawn
36
illinois needle
(diff type of jamshidi) used for bone marrow aspiration not for core biopsies
37
needle anatomy
from point downward -> bevel, shaft, hub (slide 13)
38
needle hubs
regular leur, luer lock, eccentric leur, catheter, toomey type (slide 15)
39
syringe sizes
1 cc, 3 cc, 6 cc, 12 cc, 20 cc, 35 cc, 60 cc use right size for the job
40
0.5-1 cc
typically for insulin/tuberculin syringes
41
3 cc
typical for vaccines
42
6 cc
typical for blood samples, fine needle aspirates
43
12 cc
cystocentesis, tracheal wash or bone-marrow aspirate samples
44
60 cc
common for thoracocentesis
45
vaccutainers
3 pieces: 2 way needles + cylindrical plastic holder + test tube w/ vacuum
46
drawing up meds
be sterile, prepared, and make sure drugs are compatible/drawn up in order/ safest drug drawn first
47
why always label syringes?
so you and others are aware and drugs aren't mixed up
48
biological safety hood
for preparing chemotherapy drugs, pulls fumes out and away from you
49
indications for IV fluids
dehydration, hypovolemia (reduced intravascular volume), emergency (shock), diuresis (kidney disease or chemo), surgery (maintain BP)
50
IV fluids are calculated by
estimated the % dehydration, maintenance requirements, and ongoing losses (slide 23)
51
maintenance requirements are approx
60 ml/kg/day
52
dehydration range is
from <5% to 12-15%
53
shock dose is 60-90ml/kg/hr
60-90ml/kg/hr
54
where is ~2/3 of the total body water located?
in the cells
55
where is ~1/3 of the total body water located?
outside the cells
56
how much of body weight is intravascular fluid?
5%
57
dehydrated animals will display these symptoms
high skin turgor, increased CRT, dry mouth, sunken eyes, high blood cells (PCV) and serum protein, and high BUN
58
<5% dehydration
undetectable
59
5-6% dehydration
skin slightly doughy, inelastic consistency
60
6-8% dehydration
skin def inelastic, eyes slightly sunk
61
10-12% dehydration
increased skin turgor, eyes sunkin, prolonged CRT, dry mm
62
12-15% dehydration
shock and/or death
63
basic re-hydration formula
% dehydrated x kg x 10 = ml of fluid replacements ex: 6 x 44kg x 10 = 2640mls
64
formula for percent solutions
[ desired strength / (available strength x amount to use) ] / amount to make
65
how would you prepare 100ml of a 5% dextrose solution from a 50% dextrose solution?
5%/50% = 0.1 ---> 0.1 * 100ml = 10ml
66
crystalloid solutions
the fluid of choice for initial shock txt
67
electrolytes
sodium (+), potassium (+), calcium, chloride
68
most abundant extracellular electrolyte?
sodium
69
most abundant INTRAcellular electrolyte?
potassium
70
balanced crystalloid solutions
components of fluids are the same as in plasma (normosol-R and LRS)
71
unbalances crystalloid solutions
components of fluids are different than plasma (saline, dextrose)
72
hypotonic are more commonly used for?
maintenance fluids
73
isotonic are more commonly used for?
replacement fluids
74
replacement fluids
have the same concentration of electrolytes as the extracellular fluid, purpose is to replace fluid lost from dehydration, vomiting, or diarrhea
75
maintenance fluids
have less sodium and more potassium than replacement, used to diurese patients (toxicity and renal failure)
76
low pH
acidosis // LRS used to counteract
77
high pH
alkalosis // sodium chloride or normosol-r is used
78
drip rate formula
total volume divided by the time multiplied by the drops of the admin set
79
you're asked to give a dog 1200mls of fluids during a 24hr period using a standard 15 drop/ml admin set
1200mls/1440 mins = 0.83 mls/min * 15 drops/ml = 12.5 drops/min
80
normal saline is incompatible with
amphotericin B
81
LRS and calcium solutions are incompatible with
cephalothin
82
vitamin B/C is incompatible with
chloramphenicol
83
vitamin B/C, dextrose solutions and sodium bicarbonate are incompatible with
penicillin
84
colloids
fluids that increase BP (whole blood, plasma, vetastarch or dextrans) gives the patient short-lived antibodies vetastarch can make coagulopathies worse

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