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NZ Diploma in Ambulance Practice > Medications > Flashcards

Medications Flashcards

(10 cards)

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1
Q
  • *Aspirin**
  • What/How
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Cautions
A

Antiplatelet, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Outside of hospital, is used widely for antiplatelet effects

Indications:
- MI / Chest Pain

Contraindications:

  • Known severe allergy
  • Third trimester pregnancy

Cautions:

  • Known bleeding disorder
  • Clinically significant bleeding
  • Known worsening of bronchospasm with NSAIDS

Dose:
- 300mg Orally

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2
Q
  • *IM Adrenaline**
  • What/How
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Cautions
A

Stimulates Alpha and Beta receptors with predominant effects on A1, B1, and B2 receptors
A1 stimulation increases smooth muscle contraction and vasoconstriction
B1 stimulation causes increased cardiac contraction and HR
B2 Stimulation causes smooth muscle relaxation, skeletal muscle vasodilation, bronchodilation

Indications:

  • Anaphylaxis
  • Severe Asthma

Contraindications:
- None

Cautions:

  • MI
  • Tachydysrhythmias

Dose:
5kg/-1yr 0.05mg (0.5ml 1:10k diluted)
10kg/1yr 0.1mg (0.1ml 1:10k undiluted)
20kg/2-5yr 0.2mg (0.2ml 1:10k undiluted)
30kg/6-10yr 0.3mg (0.3ml 1:10k undiluted)
40kg/11-13yr 0.4mg (0.4ml 1:10k undiluted)
Adult 0.5mg (0.5ml 1:10k undiluted)

For pts under 1yr/5kg use a 10ml syringe, draw up 1ml of adrenaline and then 9ml of sterile saline. For all other patients, administer undiluted

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3
Q
  • *IM Ondansetron**
  • What/How
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Cautions
A

Antiemetic medication
Antagonises serotonin receptors in the brain and GI Tract thereby decreasing nausea

Indications:
- Clinically significant nausea and/or vomiting

Contraindications:

  • Known severe allergy
  • Aged less than one year

Cautions:
- None

Dosage:
10kg / 1yr 1mg (undiluted 0.5ml)
20kg / 2-5yr 2mg (undiluted 1ml)
30kg / 6-10yr 3mg (undiluted 1.5ml)
40kg / 11-13yr 4mg (undiluted 2ml)
Adult 4mg (undiluted 2ml)

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4
Q
  • *IN Adrenaline**
  • What/How
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Cautions
A

Stimulates Alpha and Beta receptors with predominant effects on A1, B1, and B2 receptors
A1 stimulation increases smooth muscle contraction and vasoconstriction
B1 stimulation causes increased cardiac contraction and HR
B2 Stimulation causes smooth muscle relaxation, skeletal muscle vasodilation, bronchodilation

Indications:

  • Mild epistaxsis - failure to control bleeding after 15mins of compression
  • Moderate or severe epistaxis

Contraindications:
- None

Cautions:

  • MI
  • Tachydysrhythmias

Dose:
Under 5yr - seek clinical advice
5-11yr - 0.1mg (1ml of 1:10k)
12+ - 0.2mg (2ml of 1:10k)

Administration

  • Use a 10ml syringe, draw up the 1ml of 1:10k adrenaline from the ampule, draw up an additional 9ml of sterile saline
  • Discard sharps
  • Label the syringe
  • Attach MAD
  • Have the patient blow their nose to clear as much debris as possible
  • Administer the appropriate amount of diluted Adrenaline to each affected nostril
  • Apply compression for 15mins
  • Document
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5
Q
  • *Nebulised Salbutamol**
  • What/How
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Cautions
A

Salbutamol is a bronchdilator, it stimulates Beta 2 receptors

Indications:

  • Bronchospasm secondary to asthma or COPD
  • Prominent bronchospasm secondary to airway burns, smoke inhalation of chest infection
  • Release syndrome following crush injury

Contraindications:
- Known severe allergy

Cautions:
- None

Dose:

  • 2.5mg / 5ml nebulised
  • first dose combined with 0.5mg Ipratropium
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6
Q
  • *Oral Ibuprofen**
  • What/How
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Cautions
A

Is a NSAID used primarily for pain. Ibuprofen inhibits the activity of prostaglandin synthetase, thereby reducing prostaglandin production

Indications:
- Mild pain

Contraindications:

  • Known severe allergy
  • Third trimester of pregnancy

Cautions:

  • Ibuprofen within the last four hours
  • Abdominal pain, particularly with vomiting
  • Aged 75yrs or greater
  • Dehydration or shock where there is possibility of Renal Impairment
  • Known renal impairment
  • Known bleeding disorder
  • Clinically significant bleeding
  • Known exacerbation of bronchospasm
  • Taking of warfarin

Dose:

  • 5kg/3mths NIL
  • 10kg/1yr - 100mg (1/2tab or 5ml)
  • 20kg/5yr - 100mg (1/2tab or 5ml)
  • 30kg/10yr - 200mg (1tab or 10ml)
  • 40kg/13yr - 300mg (1 1/2tab)
  • Adult 50-80kg - 400mg (2tab)
  • Adult 80kg+ - 600mg (3tab)
  • Pregnancy
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7
Q
  • *Oral Prednisone and Prednisolone**
  • What
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Cautions
A

Prednisone is metabolised in the liver into Prednisolone, a corticosteriod with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant actions.
St John carries 20mg Prednisone Tabs, and 5mg/5ml Prednisolone Syrup

Indications:

  • Bronchospasm associated with Asthma or COPD
  • Croup
  • Prominent rash associated with anaphylaxis, provided all systemic signs of anaphylaxis have resolved
  • Minor allergy associated with rash

Contraindications:
- Known severe allergy

Cautions:
- Age under 5yrs with asthma, unless there is a clear history of asthma and the patient has previously received oral steroids

Dose:
5kg/under 1yr - 5mg / 1ml
10kg/1yr - 10mg / 2ml
20kg/2-5yrs - 20mg / 4ml (or 1tab)
30kg/6-10yrs - 30mg / 6ml (or 1 1/2tab)
40kg/11-13yrs - 40mg / 8ml (or 2tab)
Adult over 50kg - 40mg / 8ml (or 2tab)

Tabs should be swallowed whole - they taste bitter

Common side effects:

  • fatigue
  • indigestion
  • sodium and water retention which can worsen hypertension and heart failure
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8
Q
  • *Oral Rehydration formula**
  • What
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Cautions
A

Oral rehydration fluid is a balanced electrolyte solution containing sodium, potassium, and glucose. The solution is easily absorbed by the body, and enhances water absorption

Indications:
- Mild to moderate dehydration in gastroenteritis (predominantly in children)

Contraindications:
- Severe dehydration

Cautions:
- Suspected abdominal pathology requiring surgery

Dose (every 5mins for four hours):
5kg/-1yr - 5ml
10kg/1yr - 10ml
20kg/2-5yr - 20ml
30kg/6-10yr - 30ml
40kg/11-13yr - 40ml
Adult - 50ml
30kg/

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9
Q
  • *Tramadol**
  • What
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
  • Cautions
  • Dose
A

An analgesic that has multiple actions within the CNS

Indications
- Pt aged over 12yrs with moderate to severe pain when IV analgesia is unavailable

Contraindications
- Known severe allergy

Cautions

  • Tramadol taken within the last four hours, except a top up dose may be administered provided the total dose does not exceed CPG quantities
  • Abdominal pain where the patient is very unwell and/or vomiting.
  • Age greater than 75yrs particularly if the patient has dementia or is confused
  • Confusion as Tramadol has an anti-cholinergic activity which may worsen existing confusion
  • Pregnancy
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10
Q

Medicine Checks

  • *5 R’s**
  • *4 C’s**
A

Right Medicine
Right Patient
Right Dose
Right Route
Right Time

Colour
Clarity
Container
Concentration

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NZ Diploma in Ambulance Practice (3 decks)

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