Medications

Question 1

Oxygen (02): monitoring

Answer 1

Sp02, RR, Pa02 (ABG), colour

Question 2

Oxygen (02): patient education

Answer 2

should include correct administration and use of oxygen delivery devices

Question 3

Oxygen (02): Adverse effects

Answer 3

toxicity with prolonged exposure to high 02 concentrations; decreased affinity of Hb for C02 in C02 retainers (haldane effect)

Question 4

Oxygen (02): precautions

Answer 4

oxygen therapy devices should not be used near an open flame due to its high combustibility

Question 5

Oxygen (02): Pharmacodynamics

Answer 5

oxygen therapy improves effective cellular oxygenation. it acts to restore normal cellular activity at the mitochondrial level and reduce metabolic acidosis

Question 6

Oxygen (02): pharmacokinetics

Answer 6

oxygen is largely inhaled into the alveoli and diffused into the capillary bed. oxygen combines with haemoglobin, with a small amount being dissolved in the plasma. oxygen is metabolised in the tissues almost entirely in the mitochondria, where oxidase enzymes reduce the oxygen in the formation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) excretion of oxygen metabolites (C02 and H20) is via the lung renal system

Question 7

Oxygen (02): reason

Answer 7

treatment of hypoxaemia by increasing alveolar oxygen tension. The aim is achieve a normal or near normal oxygen saturation for an individual patient

Question 8

Salbutamol (short acting B2 adrenergic agonist (SABA): reason

Answer 8

bronchodilator - relief of symptoms during maintenance treatment of asthma and COPD; prevention of treatment of exercise/allergen induced bronchospasm

Question 9

Salbutamol (short acting B2 adrenergic agonist (SABA): monitoring

Answer 9

peak flow measurements before and after administration can help determine effectiveness

Question 10

Salbutamol (short acting B2 adrenergic agonist (SABA): patient education

Answer 10

what common side effects to expect
appropriate delivery of inhaler (including spacer, mouth care)
asthma and COPD action plan

Question 11

Salbutamol (short acting B2 adrenergic agonist (SABA): adverse effects

Answer 11

tachycardia, headache, nervous tension, fine hand tremor, hypotension
hyper/hypokalemia (which may cause weakness, fatigue, tremors, muscle spasm)

Question 12

Salbutamol (short acting B2 adrenergic agonist (SABA): contradictions

Answer 12

caution with CVD, diabetes and HTN

inhaler may contain lactose

Question 13

Salbutamol (short acting B2 adrenergic agonist (SABA): pharmacodynamics

Answer 13

salbutamol is a B2- adrenergic agonist and stimulates B2 adrenergic receptors. binding to these receptors in the lungs results in relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles

Question 14

Salbutamol (short acting B2 adrenergic agonist (SABA): pharmacokinetics

Answer 14

onset by inhalation is rapid (5-15 min) peak effect reached in 1-2 hours
metabolised in liver and excreted in kidneys