Medications

Question 1

What are the 3 common ace inhibitors?

Answer 1

Ramipril
Lisinopril
Perindopril

Question 2

What is the mechanism of ace inhibitors?

Answer 2

• Vasodilation, making it easier for the heart to pump blood
• protects a weakened heart
• used in people with CKD/DM

Question 3

How do Ace Inhibitors impact HR, Q, BP, ECG, Exercise capacity?

Answer 3

HR - stays the same (rest & ex)
Q - stays the same
BP - decreases (rest & ex)
ECG - stays same (rest & ex)
Exercise capacity - no change, possible increase in CHF

Question 4

What are the common side effects of ace inhibitors?

Answer 4

Persistent cough
Dizziness
Low blood pressure

Question 5

What are the 3 common beta blockers?

Answer 5

Metaprolol
Carvedilol
Bisoprolol

Question 6

What is the mechanism of beta blockers?

Answer 6

• protect the heart from stress and abnormal heartbeats
• decreases workload of heart

Question 7

What effects do beta blockers have on HR, Q, BP, ECG, and exercise capacity?

Answer 7

HR - decreases at rest and ex
Q - decreases or stays the same
BP - decreases at rest and ex
ECG - lower HR; decreases ischemia with HF
Exercise capacity - increased for ppl with ischemia

Question 8

What are the common side effects of beta blockers?

Answer 8

Dizziness
Lower HR
Fatigue
Cold hands/feet

Question 9

What are the 2 common calcium channel blockers?

Answer 9

Amlodopine
Nifedipine

Question 10

What is the mechanism of calcium channel blockers?

Answer 10

• decreased calcium flow in heart muscle, allowing vasodilation
• heart pumps easier

Question 11

What are the effects that calcium channel blockers have on HR, Q, BP, ECG, and exercise capacity?

Answer 11

HR - increases or stays same (R/E)
Q - decreases or stays same (R/E)
BP - decreases (R/E)
ECG - HR increases or stays same, decrease for ischemia
Exercise capacity - no change

Question 12

What are the possible side effects of calcium channel blockers?

Answer 12

Dizziness
Palpitations
Fatigue
Flushing
Avoid grapefruit products

Question 13

What are the 3 common angiotensin receptor blockers?

Answer 13

Candesartan
Irbesartan
Losartan

Question 14

What is the mechanism for angiotensin receptor blockers?

Answer 14

• Makes it easier for the heart to pump blood by blocking angiotensin II from binding
• causes vasodilation

Question 15

What effects do angiotensin receptor blockers have on HR, Q, BP, ECG, and exercise capacity?

Answer 15

• HR stays the same (R/E)
• Q stays the same
• BP decreases (R/E)
• ECG stays the same (R/E)
• Exercise capacity: stays same, poss increase for ppl with CHF

Question 16

What are the side effects of angiotensin receptor blockers?

Answer 16

• dizziness
• lightheadedness
• high potassium levels

Question 17

What are the 3 common anticoagulants?

Answer 17

Wafarin
Apixaban
Ravaroxaban

Question 18

What is the mechanism for anticoagulants?

Answer 18

help to prevent blood clots in body
“blood thinner”

Question 19

What are the effects that anticoagulants have on HR, Q, BP, ECG, and exercise capacity?

Answer 19

HR - stays same
Q - stays same
BP - stays same
ECG - stays same
exercise capacity - stays same

Question 20

What are the common side effects of anticoagulants?

Answer 20

bleeding
headaches
anemia
bruising
lethargy

Question 21

What are the common antiplatelet drugs?

Answer 21

Clopidogrel
Ticagrelor
ASA

Question 22

What is the mechanism of antiplatelets?

Answer 22

help prevent blood cells from sticking together
makes blood less “sticky”

Question 23

What are the effects of antiplatelets on HR, Q, BP, ECG, and exercise capacity?

Answer 23

HR - stays same
Q - stays same
BP - stays same
ECG - stays same
exercise capacity - stays same

Question 24

What are the common side effects of antiplatelets?

Answer 24

bleeding
bruising
headaches
heartburn

Question 25

What are the common diuretic medications?

Answer 25

Furosemide Hydrochlorithiazide Spironolactone

Question 26

What is the mechanism of diuretics? What are they used to treat?

Answer 26

- "water pills" - help to remove excess fluid from the body - treat HTN, CHF - helps kidneys to produce more urine

Question 27

What are the effects of diuretics on HR, Q, BP, ECGs, and exercise capacity?

Answer 27

HR - stays same (R/E) Q - stays same or decreases BP - stays same or decreases (R/E) ECG - stays same or, increased PVC's with hypokalemia, increased PVC's with hypomagnesemia Exercise capacity - stays same, possible increase for ppl with CHF

Question 28

What are the common symptoms of diuretics?

Answer 28

- most ppl don't experience any - call dr. if you experience any - dehydration (dry mouth, muscle cramps) - dizziness - upset stomach

Question 29

What drugs are nitrates?

Answer 29

Nitroglycerin spray/tabs/patch

Question 30

What is the mechanism of nitrates?

Answer 30

cause vasodilation of arteries in heart so decrease angina pain

Question 31

What are the effects that nitrates have on HR, Q, BP, ECG, and exercise capacity?

Answer 31

HR: increases at rest, increase or same with exercise Q - nothing BP - decreases at rest, decreases or stays same with exercise ECG - increased HR (rest), increased or no change to HR (exerc), decreased ischemia Exercise capacity - increased for ppl with angina, increase or decrease for CHF, same for ppl without angina

Question 32

What are the common side effects from nitrates?

Answer 32

dizziness or syncope if large BP drop occurs BP has to be >100bpm before taking Nitro spray at program

Question 33

What are the common choleterol medications?

Answer 33

Atorvastatin Rosuvastatin Simvastatin

Question 34

What is the mechanism of cholesterol medications?

Answer 34

slows or drops plaque formation in blood vessels stops existing plaques from getting worse

Question 35

What are the effects of cholesterol medications on HR, Q, BP, ECG, and exercise capacity?

Answer 35

HR - stays same Q - stays same BP - stays same ECG - stays same exercise capacity - stays same

Question 36

What are the common side effects of cholesterol medications?

Answer 36

extreme muscle soreness/pain (usually large muscle groups)