medications for sem 1

Question 1

Beta-Blockers beta 1

Answer 1

Metoprolol: blocks the beta one receptors on the blood vessels/heart so that epinephrine can’t bind to them: orthostatic hypotension, bradycardia

Question 2

Ace Inhibitor

Answer 2

Catopril

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, blocks can cause a cough, do not take with ARB and monitor for potassium levels and kidney function

Kidney and lung damage to fetus

Question 3

ARB

Answer 3

Angio tension receptor blocker: candesartan , do not take within 48 hours of ACE inhibitor, monitor for potassium and kidney function

Damages lung and kidneys of fetus

Question 4

Aldosterone blocker

Answer 4

Spirinoloctane, blocks the receotors on the distal of the convoluted tuble of the nephron for binding with aldosterone, hold if potassium greater than 5

Question 5

loop diuretics

Answer 5

frusimide: prevents sodium from being absrobed in the loop of henle, water follows salt so this causes diuresis, works for 6 hours within 1 hour of consumption, causes a loss of potassium due to the balance, monitor potassium and kidney function

Question 6

Calcium channel blockers

Answer 6

Amlodapine, blocks the calcium from entering the smooth muscle cells around the blood vessels and heart, without this they cannot contract, very long half life and one of the only safe ones to give pregnant women, can cause oedema due to poor pressure

Question 7

cholesterol medications

Answer 7

Simvastatin: blcoks the enzymes in the liver ensccesary to make LDL cholesterol, metabolized by the same medications that do grapefruit juice, can cause leg cramps, cholesterol labs needed

Grapefruit makes its absorption worse and builds up in blood

Question 8

anti platelet medications

Answer 8

Simvastatin: blcoks the enzymes in the liver ensccesary to make LDL cholesterol, metabolized by the same medications that do grapefruit juice, can cause leg cramps, cholesterol labs needed

Grapefruit makes its absorption worse and builds up in blood

Question 9

Minerals

Answer 9

iron tablets: Ferronus sulfate, microcytic anemia, iron is used to create heme, calcium blocks the absorbsion of iron, vitamin c improves absorption, constipaton and can decrease antibiotics usage

Question 10

anticoagulant

Answer 10

warfirin,hinders coagulation by blocking the pathway, blocks vitamin k and is useful for AF or Atherosclerosis, binds to albumin and plasma proteins so can interact with other medications, hemmoragic stroke and increased vitamin k can block warfarin

Question 11

Bronchodilators

Answer 11

Salbutamol, agonizes the beta 2 receptors and the sympathetic nervus system in the respritry tract, inhaled or nebulised, can cause jitteriness, tremors and tachycardia, may increase side if taken with ADHD medication, potassium monitoring, may need spacer to capture full dose

Question 12

steroid

Answer 12

fluticasone, anti-inflammatory, extensive first pass metabolism, prevents the ingested dose from having an effect, development of thrush,

Question 13

Anti-fungal

Answer 13

Nystatin, fungal infections such as thrush or candidiasis, bdings to cell wall of fungus and stops it from completing this, making it swell from water and burst, very little absorption, possible allergic reaction, possible increase bleeding on warfirin

Question 14

antibiotic

Answer 14

Vancomycin binds to peptidoglycans before they are connected to transpeptidases, has very poor absorption, is excreted by kidneys in a narrow therapeutic index, ototoxicity, neurotoxicity and red man syndrome, peak and trough labs

Question 15

Penicillin

Answer 15

Augmentin, amoxicillin and clavulanic acid bind to the penicillin-binding protein to stop the construction of the cell wall. Augmentin is best absorbed at the start of a meal, thrush and diarrhea, oral cavity assessment and allergies

Question 16

Biguanides

Answer 16

Metformin increases sensitivity to insulin, which is excreted by the kidneys, and can cause lactic acidosis and hypoglycemia, but to a lesser degree than other medications. alcohol makes it worse, and monitor glucose levels

Question 17

sulfonylureas

Answer 17

glipizide: promotes insulin release from pancreus and stops liver from creating new glucose, can cause weight gain and interacts with NSAID and beta blockers, monitor BGL

Question 18

Novarapid/Humalog

Answer 18

hormone, fast acting insulin, peak conc 30- 60min, very fast absorption in subcut tissue, hypoglycemia, take on food or change dosing

Question 19

Lantus insulin

Answer 19

Slow release insulin, allows glucose into cells, steady release for 24 hours, hypoglycemia, infection at injection site

Question 20

GLP-1 Agonist

Answer 20

Duglutide, acts like glucose, glucagon like peptide, natural hormone produced in intestine to pancreas that stimulates insulin, delays gastric emptying, weekly sub cut injection, rapid weightloss, nausea vomiting, BGL

Question 20

SGLT-2 inhibitor

Answer 20

Selective glucose-Co transporter 2, stops the kidneys from reabsorbing glucose, increased risk of ketoacidosis and UIT, risk of Hypoglycemia, BGL and Ketones