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CATD120 > Medications- Glossary flashcards > Flashcards

Medications- Glossary flashcards

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1
Q

What is Acetazolamide classified as?

A

DIURETICS & ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONISTS

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2
Q

What is Amiloride classified as?

A

DIURETICS: potassium sparing
*treats hyperaldosteronism and hypertension and reverse potassium loss.

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3
Q

What is Bumetanide classified as?

A

DIURETICS & ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONISTS

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4
Q

What is Chlorothiazide classified as?

A

DIURETICS:Thiazide

Diuretic preference for HTN

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5
Q

What is Chlorthalidone classified as?

A

DIURETICS & ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONISTS

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6
Q

What is Ethacrynic acid classified as?

A

DIURETICS & ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONISTS

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7
Q

What is Furosemide classified as?

A

DIURETICS: Loop diuretics

Most likly adverse effect:
Hypokalemia
Dehydration

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8
Q

What is Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) classified as?

A

Thiazide DIURETIC

First line treatment for HTN
Risk: hypercalcemia

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9
Q

What is Indapamide classified as?

A

DIURETICS & ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONISTS

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10
Q

What is Metolazone classified as?

A

DIURETICS: Osmotic diuretics
*Primary site: proximal tubule and descending limb of loop of Henle.
*reduces cellular edema
*treats cerebral edema.

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11
Q

What is Spironolactone classified as?

A

DIURETICS: ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONISTS
*potassium sparing
*Antihypertensive: Possible side effect:
Hyperkalemia.

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12
Q

What is Eplerenone classified as?

A

DIURETICS & ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONISTS
*potassium sparing

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13
Q

What is Clonidine classified as?

A

ANTI-HYPERTENSIVE AGENTS: CENTRAL AGENTS ALPHA BLOCKERS

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14
Q

What is Prazosin classified as?

A

ANTI-HYPERTENSIVE AGENTS: CENTRAL AGENTS ALPHA BLOCKERS

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15
Q

What is Captopril classified as?

A

ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACEIs)

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16
Q

What is Enalapril classified as?

A

ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACEIs)

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17
Q

What is Lisinopril classified as?

A

ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACEIs)

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18
Q

What is Quinapril classified as?

A

ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACEIs)

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19
Q

What is Ramipril classified as?

A

ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACEIs)
*primary lowering PVR

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20
Q

What is Fosinopril classified as?

A

ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACEIs)

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21
Q

What is Benazepril classified as?

A

ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACEIs)

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22
Q

What is Trandolapril classified as?

A

ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACEIs)

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23
Q

What is Cilazapril classified as?

A

ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACEIs)

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24
Q

What is Perindopril classified as?

A

ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACEIs)

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25
What is Losartan classified as?
ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKERS (ARBs)
26
What is Candesartan classified as?
ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKERS (ARBs)
27
What is Irbesartan classified as?
ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKERS (ARBs)
28
What is Telmisartan classified as?
ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKERS (ARBs)
29
What is Olmesartan classified as?
ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKERS (ARBs)
30
What is Valsartan classified as?
ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKERS (ARBs)
31
What is Nitroprusside classified as?
VASODILATORS & NITRATES -anti anginal drug decrease the workload by reducing HR
32
What is Hydralazine classified as?
VASODILATORS & NITRATES
33
What is Isosorbide classified as?
VASODILATORS & NITRATES
34
What is Isosorbide mononitrate classified as?
VASODILATORS & NITRATES
35
What is Nitroglycerin classified as?
VASODILATORS & NITRATES
36
What is Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) classified as?
ANTIPLATELET AGENTS *irreversibly inhibiting the cyclo-oxygenase (COX) enzyme. (stimulated by injury) *COX aids in conversion of thromboxane A2, which is a platelet aggregating agent and vasoconstrictor. Undesired effect: (Higher dose) *COX also aids in prostacyclin which is also a platelet aggregating agent and vasoconstrictor *Note: NSAIDS completely block ASAs action.
37
What is Dipyridamole (Persantine) classified as?
ANTIPLATELET AGENTS: nucleoside transport inhibitor and PDE3 inhibitor class *Used in combo with ASA or Warfarin Inhibits indirectly by preventing the breakdown of adenosine like peptides, inhibit platelet aggregation and promote coronary vasodilation (only in healthy arteries) Caution: risk of causing "Coronary steal" Used in pharma-stress test (Persantine MIBI)
38
What is Ticlopidine classified as?
ANTIPLATELET AGENTS Thienopyridine derivative *Obsolete due to fourfold lower toxicity rate Replaced by Clopidogrel.
39
What is Abciximab, Eptifibatide and Tirofiban classified as?
ANTIPLATELET AGENTS: Parenteral Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors *most effective antiplatelet (IV) *ACS patients with planned PCI *inhibits the final common pathway of platelet aggregation. binds to GPIIb/IIIa receptors to fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor. *prevents platelets from sticking together, forming a plug.
40
What is Clopidogrel (Plavix) classified as?
ANTIPLATELET AGENTS Thienopyridine derivative Inhibits ADP- induced platelet activation and inhibits platelet fibrinogen binding. Significant Interaction: Pantoprazole-(antacid)
41
What is Ticagrelor classified as?
ANTIPLATELET AGENTS *new med Thienopyridine derivative Inhibits ADP- induced platelet activation and inhibits platelet fibrinogen binding.
42
What is Apixaban classified as?
ANTICOAGULANT AGENTS: Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs)(NOAC) Factor Xa inhibitors (directly inhibit the clotting factors actions, not production) *indication: VTE (PE, DVT) treatment, post op VTE Direct anticoagulant- no impact on Vit K, no INR required Contra: renal dysfunction
43
What is Dabigatran classified as?
ANTICOAGULANT AGENTS: Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) Direct thrombin inhibitor
44
What is Hirudin classified as? What is Bivalrudin classified as?
ANTICOAGULANT AGENTS: Direct Thrombin inhibitors *directly inhibit soluble and clot bound thrombin without depending on Antithrombin III (70% inhibition of clot bound thrombin activity)
45
What is Bivalrudin classified as?
ANTICOAGULANT AGENTS: Direct Thrombin inhibitors *directly inactivates and blocks thrombin mediated platelet activation and aggregation *binds reversibly to thrombin *only anticoagulant to reduce both ischemic and bleeding complications associated with PCI
46
What is Rivaroxaban classified as? What is Edoxaban classified as?
ANTICOAGULANT AGENTS: Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs)(NOAC) Factor Xa inhibitors (directly inhibit the clotting factors actions, not production) *indication: VTE (PE, DVT) treatment, post op VTE Direct anticoagulant- no impact on Vit K, no INR required Contra: renal dysfunction
47
What is Enoxaparin classified as?
ANTICOAGULANT AGENTS: LMWH *often used with Fibrinolytics/ASA in a STEMI (all ACS) LMWH: longer half life then heparin (Coagulation cascade interruption) *binds to Antithrombin III and thrombin *binds to and inhibits factor Xa
48
What is Dalteparin classified as?
ANTICOAGULANT AGENTS: LMWH LMWH: longer half life then heparin (Coagulation cascade interruption) *binds to Antithrombin III and Thrombin *binds to and inhibits factor Xa
49
What is Tinzaparin classified as?
ANTICOAGULANT AGENTS: LMWH LMWH: longer half life then heparin (Coagulation cascade interruption) *binds to Antithrombin III and thrombin *binds to and inhibits factor Xa
50
What is Warfarin (Coumadin) classified as?
ANTICOAGULANT AGENTS: WARFARIN (Coagulation cascade interruption) Activates Antithrombin III *interferes with the formation of Vit K *oral anticoagulant, onset of action is delayed 2-7 days *caution with diet.
51
What is Streptokinase (SK) classified as?
ANTICOAGULANT AGENTS: THROMBOLYTICS (Reduce Fibrinolysis) "Clot Bluster" Enzyme, combines with plasminogen by converting circulating plasminogen to plasmin= causes lysis of fibrin (plasmin digests fibrin) Caution: spontaneous bleeding, intracranial bleeding
52
What is Alteplase (t-PA) classified as?
ANTICOAGULANT AGENTS: THROMBOLYTICS Tissue Plasminogen Activator "Clot Bluster" *binds specifically to fibrin in thrombi, activates plasminogen to convert to plasmin which digest fibrin *Most common Best if given within 4 hrs, given up to 12 since onset of MI given with Heparin to limit reocclusion rate
53
What is Tenecteplase (TNKase) classified as?
ANTICOAGULANT AGENTS: THROMBOLYTICS Tissue Plasminogen Activator "Clot Bluster" *Genetically engineered t-PA with 3 mutations. *binds specifically to fibrin in thrombi, activates plasminogen to convert to plasmin which digest fibrin Better that t-PA in over 4hrs from MI onset.
54
What is Urokinase classified as?
ANTICOAGULANT AGENTS: THROMBOLYTICS (Reduce Fibrinolysis)
55
What is Lovastatin classified as?
LIPID LOWERING AGENTS: STATINS - HMG CoA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS -reduce hepatic synthesis of LDL
56
What is Pravastatin classified as?
LIPID LOWERING AGENTS: STATINS - HMG CoA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS
57
What is Simvastatin classified as?
LIPID LOWERING AGENTS: STATINS - HMG CoA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS
58
What is Atorvastatin classified as?
LIPID LOWERING AGENTS: STATINS - HMG CoA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS
59
What is Rosuvastatin classified as?
LIPID LOWERING AGENTS: STATINS - HMG CoA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS Statins- stop a crucial step in the pathway of cholesterol synthesis
60
What is Ezetimibe classified as?
LIPID LOWERING AGENTS: CHOLESTEROL ABSORPTION INHIBITORS FIBRATES NICOTINIC ACID -blocks intestinal absorption of LDL
61
What is Bezafibrate classified as?
LIPID LOWERING AGENTS: CHOLESTEROL ABSORPTION INHIBITORS FIBRATES NICOTINIC ACID
62
What is Fenofibrate classified as?
LIPID LOWERING AGENTS: CHOLESTEROL ABSORPTION INHIBITORS FIBRATES NICOTINIC ACID
63
What is Gemfibrozil classified as?
LIPID LOWERING AGENTS: CHOLESTEROL ABSORPTION INHIBITORS FIBRATES NICOTINIC ACID Fibric acid derivatives -Increase clearance of VLDL
64
What is Niacin classified as?
LIPID LOWERING AGENTS: CHOLESTEROL ABSORPTION inhibitor -NICOTINIC ACID
65
What is Cholestyramine classified as?
LIPID LOWERING AGENTS: BILE ACID SEQUESTRANTS (RESINS) -promote intestinal clearance of cholesterol
66
What is Colestipol classified as?
LIPID LOWERING AGENTS: BILE ACID SEQUESTRANTS (RESINS)
67
What is Evolocumab classified as?
LIPID LOWERING AGENTS: PCSK9 INHIBITORS PCSK9- blocks the enzyme responsible for LDL receptor breakdown
68
What is Alirocumab classified as?
LIPID LOWERING AGENTS: PCSK9 INHIBITORS PCSK9- blocks the enzyme responsible for LDL receptor breakdown
69
What is Disopyramide classified as?
ANTI-ARRHYTHMIC AGENTS: CLASS IA SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS All SCB effect both the myocyte and pacemaker cells
70
What is Quinidine classified as?
ANTI-ARRHYTHMIC AGENTS: CLASS IA SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
71
What is Procainamide classified as?
ANTI-ARRHYTHMIC AGENTS: CLASS I SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
72
What is Mexilitine classified as?
ANTI-ARRHYTHMIC AGENTS: CLASS I SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
73
What is Lidocaine classified as? *Used in Cardiac Emergencies (VF/ Pulseless VT)
ANTI-ARRHYTHMIC AGENTS: CLASS IB SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS *V arrhythmia in ischemic cardiac tissue. *Suppresses ventricular irritability *raises fibrillation/firing threshold *greater effect on diseased/ischemic cells.
74
What is Phenytoin classified as?
ANTI-ARRHYTHMIC AGENTS: CLASS I SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
75
What is Propafenone classified as?
ANTI-ARRHYTHMIC AGENTS: CLASS IC SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS Delays myocyte depolarization with effects on the repolarization phase
76
What is Flecainide classified as?
ANTI-ARRHYTHMIC AGENTS: CLASS I SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
77
What is Acebutolol classified as?
ANTI-ARRHYTHMIC AGENTS: CLASS II BETA BLOCKERS
78
What is Atenolol classified as?
ANTI-ARRHYTHMIC AGENTS: CLASS II BETA BLOCKERS First line agent for the treatment of HTN in patients with angina
79
What is Esmolol classified as?
ANTI-ARRHYTHMIC AGENTS: CLASS II BETA BLOCKERS
80
What is Labetalol classified as?
ANTI-ARRHYTHMIC AGENTS: CLASS II BETA BLOCKERS
81
What is Metoprolol classified as?
ANTI-ARRHYTHMIC AGENTS: CLASS II BETA BLOCKERS Used to decrease the frequency and severity of exertional angina
82
What is Nadolol classified as?
ANTI-ARRHYTHMIC AGENTS: CLASS II BETA BLOCKERS B adrenergic blocker
83
What is Pindolol classified as?
ANTI-ARRHYTHMIC AGENTS: CLASS II BETA BLOCKERS
84
What is Propanolol classified as?
ANTI-ARRHYTHMIC AGENTS: CLASS II BETA BLOCKERS
85
What is Sotalol classified as?
ANTI-ARRHYTHMIC AGENTS: CLASS II BETA BLOCKERS Also has C3 properties (potassium channel blockers)
86
What is Carvedilol classified as?
ANTI-ARRHYTHMIC AGENTS: CLASS II BETA BLOCKERS
87
What is Bisoprolol classified as?
ANTI-ARRHYTHMIC AGENTS: CLASS II BETA BLOCKERS
88
What is Timolol classified as?
ANTI-ARRHYTHMIC AGENTS: CLASS II BETA BLOCKERS
89
What is Nebivolol classified as?
ANTI-ARRHYTHMIC AGENTS: CLASS II BETA BLOCKERS
90
What is Amiodarone classified as? *Used in Cardiac Emergencies (VF/Pulseless VT, Wide QRS tachy).
ANTI-ARRHYTHMIC AGENTS: CLASS III POTASSIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS. *Also has C1 properties. Prolongs effective refractory period in all cardiac tissue including accessory pathways. Primary management of ventricular arrhythmias.
91
What is Sotalol classified as?
Double!!!! ANTI-ARRHYTHMIC AGENTS: CLASS III POTASSIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS And properties of BETA BLOCKER
92
What is Ibutilide classified as?
ANTI-ARRHYTHMIC AGENTS: CLASS III POTASSIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
93
What is Amlodipine classified as?
ANTI-ARRHYTHMIC AGENTS: CLASS IV CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS (DHP)
94
What is Nifedipine classified as?
ANTI-ARRHYTHMIC AGENTS: CLASS IV CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS (DHP) *can be used to treat variant angina
95
What is Felodipine classified as?
ANTI-ARRHYTHMIC AGENTS: CLASS IV CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS (DHP)
96
What is Verapamil classified as?
ANTI-ARRHYTHMIC AGENTS: CLASS IV CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS (NonDHP) Non DHP inhibit nodal cell calcium channels and reduce the HR
97
What is Diltiazem classified as?
ANTI-ARRHYTHMIC AGENTS: CLASS IV CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS (NonDHP) Non DHP inhibit nodal cell calcium channels and reduce the HR
98
What is Digoxin classified as?
INOTROPIC/SYMPATHOMIMETIC AGENTS & RECEPTOR STIMULANTS #footnote# Inhibits sodium pump, which increases Intra cellular calcium More force, slows the HR Treating HF and Afib
99
What is Dobutamine classified as?
INOTROPIC/SYMPATHOMIMETIC AGENTS & RECEPTOR STIMULANTS
100
What is Dopamine classified as? *Used in Cardiac Emergencies (Unstable Bradycardia or hypotension)
INOTROPIC/SYMPATHOMIMETIC AGENTS & RECEPTOR STIMULANTS *Positive inotrope via stimulation of Beta receptors *Alpha stim: at high doses *Dopamanergic receptor stim, causes renal vasodilation. Increased renal blood flow, increase in urine
101
What is Epinephrine classified as? *Used in Cardiac Emergencies (VF, pulseless VT, asystole/PEA, Brady, SVT)
INOTROPIC/SYMPATHOMIMETIC AGENTS & RECEPTOR STIMULANTS Alpha and Beta adrenergic agonist. *stim: spontaneous cardiac contractions, Peripheral vasoconstriction. Increases workload: SVR and increased aortic diastolic perfusion = increased coronary blood flow.
102
What is Norepinephrine classified as?
INOTROPIC/SYMPATHOMIMETIC AGENTS & RECEPTOR STIMULANTS
103
What is Ivabradine?
HCN channel blocker. (Hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated) Inhibits funny current/slows depolarization Used in HRrEF with high HR
104
What is Venakalant?
Class 3 potassium channel blocker, selective work on Atrial current *indicated for acute cardioversion of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter
105
What is Adenosine? *Used in Cardiac Emergencies. (symptomatic narrow QRS tachy with a pulse, *Wide QRS tachy with pulse only if regular and monomorphic).
Miscellaneous -G inhibitors. Acts on its receptors to inhibit calcium current, especially the AV node in interrupt re entry rhythms. *Slows AV nodal conduction. *Depresses sinus node activity.
106
What is Bivalrudin?
Anticoagulant - inactivates thrombin and blocks thrombin mediated platelet activation and aggregation. Only anticoagulant that Reduces both ischemic and bleeding complication associated with PCI
107
What is Heparin?
Anticoagulation (short half life) Enhances the action of Antithrombin III, inhibits thrombin induced platelet aggregation. **prevents clot formation, *no impact on clot lysis. *Heparin and LWMH are administered either IV or SC.
108
What is Fondaparinux?
Anticoagulation (Indirect Factor Xa Inhibitor). *synthetic: selectively inhibits factor Xa with help from Antithrombin III, preventing thrombus progression. *Indicated in ACS as an alternative to Heparin/LMWH for patients with HIT.
109
What is Vasopressin? *Used in Cardiac emergencies (VF/Pulseless VT, used in place of 1st or 2nd dose of Epi)
Increases PVR, enhances positive effects of epinephrine.
110
What is Atropine? *Used in Cardiac Emergencies. (Symptomatic bradycardia)
Vagolytic agent/ Anticholinergic - blocks transmission of parasympathetic vagal impulses *Increases HR, AV nodal conduction. Anticholinergic: "Dry as a bone, red as a beet, crazy as a hoot owl"
111
What us milrinone?
Come from the intracellular increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate, which results in two beneficial effects in a patient with HF: (1) positive inotropic response and (2) vasodilation

CATD120 (11 decks)

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