Medications & Management - Lipids Flashcards
Cover treatment options, medications, further tests, and follow-up protocols. (12 cards)
Familial Chylomicronaemia Syndrome
No effective drugs—condition due to LPL (lipoprotein lipase) deficiency or ApoC-II dysfunction, so triglyceride clearance is impaired.Familial Combined Hyperlipidaemia
Statins, Fibrates
Familial Combined Hyperlipidaemia
Statins inhibit HMG-CoA reductase → ↓ cholesterol synthesis in liver 🐎
Fibrates activate PPAR-α → ↑ LPL activity → ↓ triglycerides 📊
Familial Hypercholesterolaemia (FH)
Atorvastatin inhibits HMG-CoA reductase →↑ LDL receptor expression →↑ LDL clearance 📊
Ezetimibe blocks NPC1L1 in gut → ↓ cholesterol absorption 🐎
Familial Hypertriglyceridaemia
Fibrates, Omega-3 fatty acids:
Fibrates ↑ LPL via PPAR-α activation → ↓ triglycerides 📊
Omega-3s reduce hepatic VLDL production 🐎
Hyperlipoproteinaemia(a)
Niacin ↓ hepatic VLDL synthesis & lipoprotein(a) production 🐎
PCSK9 inhibitors ↑ LDL receptor recycling → ↑ LDL-C and Lp(a) clearance 📊
Lipodystrophy-Related Dyslipidaemia
Metreleptin
Recombinant leptin replacement → improves insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism 🐎
Remnant Hyperlipidaemia (Type III)
Fibrates
PPAR-α activation → ↑ LPL → ↑ remnant clearance 📊
Secondary (Alcohol-related) Dyslipidaemia
Lifestyle modifications: Alcohol raises hepatic VLDL & triglyceride synthesis → remove trigger 🐎
Secondary (Hypothyroidism)
Levothyroxine
Replaces thyroid hormone → ↑ LDL receptor activity → ↓ LDL 📊
Secondary (Nephrotic Syndrome)
Statins inhibit HMG-CoA reductase → ↓ hepatic cholesterol production → ↑ LDL clearance 📊
Sitosterolaemia
Ezetimibe
Inhibits NPC1L1 → blocks absorption of plant sterols and cholesterol 📊
Type 2 Diabetes-Related Dyslipidaemia
Statins → same as above 📊
GLP-1 RAs → ↑ insulin sensitivity, ↓ hepatic lipid production, mild LDL/TG improvements 🐎
