medicina 2 Flashcards
(45 cards)
R i S konfiguracije?
oznacava polozaj grupa u stereocentrima. R je u smeru kazaljke na satu.
Sta se podrazumeva pod vitaminom E?
Vitamin E is the collective term for four tocopherols (α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols) and four tocotrienols (α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocotrienols) found in food.
Good sources of vitamin E.
vegetable oils (soybean, palm, sunflower,walnut), nuts, annatto.
Amount of vitE in vitamin E rich oils?
50mg/100g of oil
Which vegetable oils are rich in alfa tocopherol?
sunflower and sufflower (šafranik, jako liči na maslačak)
Sonnenblume
Diatery intake of gama tocopherol are higher than alfa tocopherol, but regardless of that, alfa tocopherol is major form on vitamin E in circulation. Why?
because α-tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP) has the preferential binding affinity for α-tocopherol. α-TTP is involved in the transfer of α-tocopherol to the plasma membrane
Weil das α-Tocopherol-Transferprotein (α-TTP) eine bevorzugte Bindungsaffinität für α-Tocopherol aufweist. α-TTP ist an der Übertragung von α-Tocopherol an die Plasmamembran beteiligt
Odakle je prvi put izolovan vitamin E
ulje psenicnih klice/ wheat germ oil
Can body synthentize vitamin E
No, it must be taken trought a diet.
Nein, es muss über die Ernährung aufgenommen werden.
Da li je vitamin E najjaci antioksidans?
da ali lipidni, ako govorimo o watersolubile onda su to vitamin C i alfa lipoinska ksielina
Preeclampisa?
Preeclampsia, also known as EPH-gestosis, is a pregnancy-specific syndrome. It affects 3-5% of pregnant women and is characterized by edemas, high blood pressure and proteinuria.
“Präeklampsie, auch als EPH-Gestose bekannt, ist ein schwangerschaftsspezifisches Syndrom. Es betrifft 3-5% der schwangeren Frauen und zeichnet sich durch Ödeme, hohen Blutdruck und Proteinurie aus.”
Antidiabetic gold standard in pregnancy?
insulin
alternatives for DM therapy during pregnancy?
metformin and glyburide
CABG?
Coronary artery bypass graft.
A surgery performed in a way that new part of blood vessel (ussually leg superficial vein) is attached to aorta (or internal mammary artery) and the part of coronary artery after a blockage. It is performed under anesthesia.
Ein chirurgischer Eingriff, bei dem ein neuer Abschnitt eines Blutgefäßes (normalerweise eine oberflächliche Vene des Beins) an die Aorta (oder die innere Brustarterie) angeschlossen wird, und zwar nach einer Verengung in einem Abschnitt der Herzkranzgefäße. Der Eingriff erfolgt unter Anästhesie.”
PCI?
Percutaneous Coronary intervention. Wire, balloon and stent.
Perkutane koronare Intervention. Draht, Ballon und Stent.”
IgE-mediated reactions
IgE-mediated reactions are known as type I hypersensitivity. These reactions require previous exposure to the
trigger agent. In the initial step, the allergen crosses the
body’s barrier to be taken up by antigen-presenting cells.
The processed allergen is presented to a CD4þ type 2 T
helper cell, which, in turn, produces cytokines (interleukin
[IL]-4, IL-5, and IL-13). These cytokines will favor the production of IgE specific for this food allergen.
katalepsija
Eugen Bleuler katalepsiju opisuje na sledeći način: „Pacijenti ne prave poteze na svoju ruku, oni mogu zauzeti neku poziciju, a bez obzira koliko to može biti nezgodno, oni će tako ostati dugo.”
nystagmus
uncontroled movement of the eyes.
ductus arteriosus?
The ductus arteriosus is a normal blood vessel that connects two major arteries — the aorta and the pulmonary artery — that carry blood away from the heart.
Der Ductus arteriosus ist ein normales Blutgefäß, das zwei große Arterien verbindet - die Aorta und die Lungenarterie -, die das Blut vom Herzen weg transportieren.”
patent ductus arteriousus ?
The lungs are not used while a fetus is in the womb because the baby gets oxygen directly from the mother’s placenta. The ductus arteriosus carries blood away from the lungs and sends it directly to the body. When a newborn breathes and begins to use the lungs, the ductus is no longer needed and usually closes by itself during the first 2 days after birth.
If the ductus doesn’t close, the result is a patent (meaning “open”) ductus arteriosus. The PDA lets oxygen-rich blood (blood high in oxygen) from the aorta mix with oxygen-poor blood (blood low in oxygen) in the pulmonary artery. As a result, too much blood flows into the lungs, which puts a strain on the heart and increases blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries.
utroba?
womb, cita se woom.
Gebärmutter
TREAtment of patent ductus arteriosus?
ibuprofen i.v.
HLA?
human leukocyte antigenes. HLA molecules are cell surface glycoproteins whose primary function is to present endogenous and exogenous antigens to T lymphocytes for recognition and response
Humanes Leukozytenantigen. HLA-Moleküle sind Zelloberflächenglykoproteine, deren Hauptfunktion darin besteht, endogene und exogene Antigene den T-Lymphozyten zur Erkennung und Reaktion zu präsentieren
Gde se nalazi gen koji kodira HLA.
na sestom hromozomu
Describe translation initiation phase in protein sythesis
the formation of a ribosome binding site/translation start site
