Medicine

Question 1

The most sensitive organ to hypoxia is:

Answer 1

Brain
Due to its high oxygen demand and low tolerance to deprivation.

Question 2

Hyperthermia differs from fever in that:
A. Cytokines are involved in both
B. Set-point temperature increases in hyperthermia
C. Fever is due to external heat exposure
D. Hyperthermia has no change in hypothalamic set-point

Answer 2

Hyperthermia has no change in hypothalamic set-point
🧠 Explanation: Unlike fever (which resets the hypothalamic thermostat), hyperthermia is an uncontrolled increase in body temperature without a change in the hypothalamic set-point (e.g., heatstroke).

Question 3

Fever accompanied by bradycardia is most characteristic of:
• a) Black quarter
• b) Anthrax
• c) Milk fever
• d) Pericarditis

Answer 3

d) Pericarditis
Explanation: Pericarditis often leads to vagal stimulation, which causes bradycardia—a paradoxical sign since fever usually increases heart rate.

Question 4

Increased pulse pressure is seen in:
• a) Hypovolemia
• b) Hyperkalemia
• c) Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
• d) Cardiac tamponade

Answer 4

PDA causes a wide gap between systolic and diastolic pressures due to diastolic runoff of blood—leading to increased pulse pressure.

Question 5

The characteristic sign of traumatic reticuloperitonitis is:
• a) Grinding of teeth
• b) Grunting test positive
• c) Tachycardia
• d) Diarrhea

Answer 5

Grunting (pain response) is specific to TRP and can be elicited by withers pinch or pole test.

Question 6

Lactic acidosis in ruminants is caused by:
• a) Excess urea
• b) Excess concentrate
• c) Excess fiber
• d) Protein deficiency

Answer 6

Explanation: Excess carbohydrate (grain) intake leads to overgrowth of Streptococcus bovis, producing lactic acid → acidosis.

Question 7

Diarrhea with blood and mucus in young calves indicates:
• a) Johne’s disease
• b) Coccidiosis
• c) Salmonellosis
• d) Enterotoxemia

Answer 7

b) coccidiosis

Explanation: Eimeria spp. cause mucosal damage in intestines → hemorrhagic and mucoid diarrhea.

Question 8

The gold standard for diagnosing pericarditis is:
• a) ECG
• b) Pericardiocentesis
• c) X-ray
• d) Auscultation

Answer 8

b) Pericardiocentesis allows direct sampling and analysis of pericardial fluid for definitive diagnosis.

Question 9

‘Thumping’ in pigs is associated with:

Answer 9

Respiratory disease
Explanation: Thumping refers to labored, abdominal breathing in pigs due to pneumonia.

Question 10

‘Chewing gum’ seizures in dogs are seen in:

Answer 10

Distemper
Explanation: Neurological form of canine distemper causes facial myoclonus — resembles chewing gum.

Question 11

The ‘Ping’ sound on percussion in cattle is associated with:

Answer 11

LDA (Left Displaced Abomasum)
Explanation: Gas-filled displaced abomasum produces a metallic “ping” sound on percussion.

Question 12

‘Big head’ in rams is due to:

Answer 12

Clostridium sordellii
Explanation: Big head is a cellulitis in young rams due to head butting + Clostridium sordellii infection.

Question 13

The earliest sign of heart failure in dogs is usually:
a) Coughing
b) Exercise intolerance
c) Ascites
d) Syncope

Answer 13

b) Exercise intolerance
Explanation: Early symptom due to reduced cardiac output.

Question 14

treatment for a cow with acute pulmonary edema due to anaphylaxis

Answer 14

epinephrine 10ml

Question 15

“Pipe stem liver” is seen in:

Answer 15

Fasciolosis (due to fibrosis of bile ducts)