Medicine

Question 1

What are the S/S of HYPERthyroidism?

Answer 1

weight loss, palpitations, tachycardia, thyromegaly, SOB, edema, chest pain, nervousness, weakness

Question 2

Describe Leriche’s syndrome?

Answer 2

occurs with aortoiliac dz, is when pt has impotence with buttock, calf, and thigh pain.

Question 3

what is the most common site of peripheral aneurysms that develop in the LE from arteriosclerosis?

Answer 3

popliteal aneurysms

Question 4

what is virchow’s triad?

Answer 4

1. endothelial damage
2. stasis
3. hypercoagulability

Question 5

define a hypertensive emergency.

Answer 5

DIASTOLIC >115 mmgHg with end-organ damage

Question 6

Livedo reticularis develops commonly on what body parts?

Answer 6

legs; it is bluish-red discoloration of skin resulting from vasospasm or arterioles; condition is worsened by the cold

Question 7

what does normal ventilation with decreased lung perfusion suggest?

Answer 7

pulmonary embolism

Question 8

what are the most common s/s of PE?

Answer 8

tachypnea (92%)
chest pain (88%)
dyspnea (84%)
anxiety, tachycardia, fever, DVT

Question 9

what is the gold standard for diagnosis of DVT? for PE?

Answer 9

DVT- venous duplex ultrasound

PE- pulmonary angiography

Question 10

sarcoidosis is common in what race and age group?

Answer 10

AFrican-americans ages 20-40 y/o

Question 11

what are the s/s of TB?

Answer 11

night sweats, fevers, weight loss, cough, greenish-yellow sputum most commonly observed in the mornings

Question 12

what are the side effects of INH treatment of TB?

Answer 12

neuropathy, hepatitis, anion-gap acidosis, lupus-like syndrome, pyridoxine loss

Question 13

what are the major causes of pancreatitis?

Answer 13

alcohol and biliary tract dz

Question 14

what hormone protects the body from hypoglycemia?

Answer 14

glucagon

Question 15

what are the 2 causes of primary adrenal insufficiency?

Answer 15

TB and autoimmune destruction, together they account for 90% of cases

Question 16

what is the most common cause of hyperphosphatemia?

Answer 16

acute and chronic renal failure

Question 17

what is the risk of placing a patient with COPD on high flow O2?

Answer 17

suppression of hypoxic ventilatory drive

Question 18

what principal hormone protects the body fro HYPOglycemia?

Answer 18

glucagon

Question 19

S/S of primary adrenal insufficiency?

Answer 19

HYPERpigmentation, N/V/abdominal pain/diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss, weakness

Question 20

what is the most common cuase of secondary adrenal insufficiency and adrenal crisis?

Answer 20

iatrogenic adrenal suppression from prolonged steroid use. Rapid withdrawal of steroids may lead to collapse and death

Question 21

how long must a generalized tonic-clonic seizure last without a period of consciousness to be considered status epilepticus?

Answer 21

30 minutes

Question 22

resting tremor is pathognomonic for what dz?

Answer 22

Parkinson’s dz- tremors are asymmetric and have “pill-rolling” appearance

Question 23

pseudohypertrophy of the calves is characteristic of what type of muscular dystrophy?

Answer 23

Duchenne’s MD- hypertrophy is caused by fatty infiltration of the muscles

Question 24

what is the most common presenting symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS)/

Answer 24

optic neuritis (about 25%)