medicine how has surgery been improved over time Flashcards
(14 cards)
(Warfare) what did John Arderne do
(medieval) he was a surgeon with 50% sucsess with anus surgery which was great for the time. Also created painkilling ointment with Hemlock, opium and henbane reducing the use of cauterisation
(Warfare) What did pare do
(early modern) During the italian war 1536-38 he was an army surgeon. He ran out of oil so he couldnt cauterise wounds so he used a mixture of egg yolk, turpentine and oil of roses which reduced rate of death due to shock as it was less painful.
(warfare) what did Florence Nightingale do
(19th century) In the crimean war she cleaned up hospital wards and cut the infection death rate from 40% to 2%
(Warfare) what were some developments of surgery during WW1
(20th century)1915- first blood banks set up for battle casualties. New techniques such as the Thomas splint were used for brocken legs in 1914 80% with brocken femurs dies in 1916 80% survived.
(communication) what did theodoric if luca do
(medieval) wrote surgical books such as ‘Cyrurgia’ which challenged Galens ideas. Encouraged an antiseptic approach with wounds cleaned and bandaged with wine soaked dressings
(communication) What did Vesalius do?
(early modern) He was the first person to challenge Galens views as he dissected humans instead of animals. He published ‘De Humani Fabrica’ which explained how systems in the body worked such as skeletons, muscles and nerves. Barber surgeons would then use this as there manuals.
( communication) what did Louis pasture do?
(19th century) Louis pasture invented pasturisation making food and drink safer from infection he understood that germs caused infection. Joseph Lister. This idea added creadability to the ideas of john snow and Robert koch revealing towns needed to be cleaned up.
(communication) How did technological advancements improve communication?
(20th century) the invention of the TV and internet meant doctors could communicate immediately. Also medical journals such as the BMJ (british medical journal)
(Individuals) How did Abulcasis improve surgery?
(medieval) Surgery became a last resort. Emaphasised knowing what is causing the pain before performing surgery. Have a plan and equipment and anaesthetics.
(individuals) How did Da Vinci improve the knowledge of anatomy?
(early modern) he studied the body and would represent it better in drawings which were used to illistrate medical text books and helped to spread understanding.
(individuals) How did John Hunter Improve surgery?
(early modern)He believed in letting nature heal deep wounds. He was a teacher of anatomy and he trained Edward Jenner. He had a lot of knowledge as he dissected lots of humans
(individuals) How did James simpson improve surgery?
(19th century) Used chloroform to reduce pain during child birth. although it caused diziness, sleepines and unconsciousness. Queen victoria used in in 1853 to give birth after that it became popular.
(individuals) How did Joseph Lister improve surgery?
(19th century) The biggest killer when operating was infection and gangrene. Lister started to that were sterilised in carbolic acid the wounds and dressings were also soaked in this. Death rates fell from 45% to 15% in three years. In 1871 he invented a machine that sprayed carbolic acid over everything
(individuals) How did Alexander Flemming improve surgery?
(20th century) Flemming was investigating germs. He left some in a petri dish when on holiday and spores from mouldy bread got into the petridish and killed the germ. The mould was penicilin and we use it in antibiotics today. It was later mass produced by florry and chain.
