Medicine - Modern Flashcards
(30 cards)
What did the Second Boer War highlight?
40 out of every 100 volunteers were unfit to be soldiers.
Penicillin was discovered by whom? When did he publish his discovery?
Alexander Fleming. 1929.
Who helped to develop penicillin so that it could be produced on a large scale?
Howard Florey and Ernst Chain. Oxford University research team.
How did the British government support the research?
Gave them only £25. Not enough to start research properly.
What led to large scale production of penicillin?
WW2 and investment by US government.
What controversial drug led to tougher testing and approval processes for new drugs? When?
Thalidomide. 1962.
When was the Spanish Flu pandemic and how many people is it estimated died worldwide?
1918-1919. 20-40 million people.
What was the government response to the Spanish Flu?
Tried to keep it quiet to focus on the war effort.
How was the flu treated?
Range of treatments: Isolation hospitals, electric shock treatments, quack remedies, e.g. Dr Williams’ ‘Pink Pills’.
When was cause discovered?
1933 electron microscope enabled discovery of infectious virus - spread by droplets from coughing/sneezing.
Who discovered blood groups in 1900 which enabled successful blood transfusions to take place?
Karl Landsteiner.
How did use of X-rays develop during WW1?
First discovered in 1895 but mobile x-ray machines were used near battlefields to find out where soldiers were injured.
Harold Gilles developed what?
Ground-breaking techniques to treat those with facial injuries during WW1.
Who first discovered that there are different blood groups?
Karl Landsteiner.
How did war limit medical progress?
Doctors taken away from their normal work to treat casualties. Medical research stopped during wartime to concentrate everything on the war effort.
When did the first heart transplant take place?
1967
Who wrote ‘Poverty, A Study in Town Life’ and when?
Seebohm Rowntree in 1901
Name one of the acts passed by the Liberal Government of 1906-14.
1906 Education Act - free school meals
Other acts include the 1909 Housing Act and the 1911 National Insurance Act.
What were the five Giant evils that William Beveridge set out in his report?
Want, Disease, Ignorance, Squalor, and Idleness
When did William Beveridge publish his report?
1942
Which Labour prime minister agreed to implement Beveridge’s ideas for a Welfare State, and when did he come into power?
Clement Attlee in 1945
When was the National Health Service set up?
4 July 1948
Who was the new Minister for Health during the setting up of the NHS?
Aneurin (Nye) Bevan
What was the response of many doctors to the idea of the new NHS?
Opposed by doctors who thought they would see a decline in their income. In a survey, nearly 41,000 out of 45,500 didn’t want a NHS.
