Medicine - Unit 4 : Modern Medicine Flashcards
Medical developments in 20th and 21st centuries : SURGERY
- 1950 - Surgeon William Bigelow performs the first open heart surgery to repair a hole in a baby’s heart
- 1967 - Christina Bernard, a South African heart surgeon, performs the first heart transplant - patient lives 18 days after that
Medical developments in 20th and 21st centuries : TREATMENTS
- 1970 = British scientist Roy Caine develops the drug cyclosporine = prevents body rejecting transplanted organs
- 1987 MRI scanning is widely used to monitor brain activity = useful to find tumours
Medical developments in 20th and 21st centuries : BELIEFS
- 1962 : A link is made between thalidomide and deformations in babies = tougher testing and approval processes within the pharmaceutical industry
- 1953 : Francis Crick and James Watson discover DNA = gene therapy, genetic screening and genetic engineering can develop
Why had alternative medicines been on the rise ?
- the influence of social media
- lack of trust in the government
- Many diseases not having a cure
- difficultly of getting a doctors appointment
Key facts about the BOER WAR
- 1899 - 1902
- lots of European countries with land and territories
- First time British used trench warfare and first time used camouflage
- First time the British used concentration camps
How the BOER WAR helped PUBLIC HEALTH
British government realised that they needed more recruits but very few were physically fit and able to join - 40% of recruits were physically unfit
- Others were concerned about their empire falling due to the state of public health (imperialists)
- Their east campaign for national efficiency which had many key individuals like Emily Pankhurst and H.G Wells
Key Facts about CHARLES BOOTH
- businessman who worked behind the scenes and used his money to carry out social investigations on the poor
- Made a book that took 17 years to write
- Concluded that a large a,puny of poverty was due to the public’ health conditions that the government put on them and he believed that if they improved health it would help the poor
How CHARLES BOOTH helped PUBLIC HEALTH
- Drew attention to the stare of the lower class health and how it negatively impacted them = changed people’s attitudes
- Put pressure on government to take responsibility
Key facts about BENJAMIN ROWNTREE
- Wealthy and used it to help those in poverty
- Wanted to investigate the poor and public health in York
- Took 3 years to complete and came to same conclusion as Booth - saw how 30% lived below the poverty line (couldn’t afford basic needs to lead a healthy lifestyle)
- David Lloyd George was friends with him and was PM in 1911 so he was directly responsible for some decision making
How BENJAMIN ROWNTREE helped PUBLIC HEALTH
- Found 30% living below poverty line = puts into perspective how bad the level of public health was to people
- put pressure on government to take responsibility especially David Lloyd George
Why might the individuals and events be less significant to public health
- Booth and Rowntree didn’t have power to change legislation or policy involving public health
- Poor might not support Booth and Rowntree as they were wealthy and privileged
- Boer War only targeted men’s health not women, elderly and children
What were the liberal reforms?
A series of laws and policies introduced by the liberal government from 1906 that aimed to tackle poverty and improve public health
Why were the LIBERAL REORMS introduced
They wanted to decrease infant mortality rates
Wanted people to be prepared for war
ELDERLY : Old Age Pension
SUCCESSES
- introduced in 1908
- meant that old people revived an income even though they didn’t work
FAILURES
- Few of the poor lived to be 70 years old (there was a low life expectancy)
- Amount didn’t meet the basic needs of the elderly
CHILDREN : Free School Meals
SUCCESSES
- Introduced in 1906
- 1914 : 14 million school meals had been provided
FAILURES
- weren’t compulsory till 1914
- the reform varied across the country as it was left up to the local governments
