Medicines Flashcards
what are medicines
chemicals that are used to treat illnesses
what are the 3 steps to testing a new medicine
preclinical testing
clinical trials: stage 1
clinical trials: stage 2
what is a preclinical testing
where medicines are tested in the lab to make sure that the medicine gets into cells without harming them and damaging pathogens inside cells
what 3 things is the medicine tested on in preclinical testing
cell cultures
cultures of tissue
animals
what happened in the stage 1 clinical trials
a healthy volunteer is given a very small dose of a drug to check the drug is not toxic to humans
what happened in the stage 2 clinical trials
it is tested on a person with the disease to test its efficiency and optimum dose
what is a monoclonal antibody
antibodies that carry useful chemical marker
how is a hybridoma cell formed
by fusing a cancer cell and a lymphocyte cell
why is a lymphocyte and cancer cell used when making a hybridoma cell
lymphocyte cells can make particular antibodies continuously however lymphocytes don’t divide so fusing them with cancer it creates a lymphocyte cell that can divide
what are 3 uses of monoclonal antibodies
pregnancy tests
diagnosis of diseases
treatment of diseases
how are monoclonal antibodies used in pregnancy tests
the monoclonal antibody will match the hormone found in urine when pregnant and can cause a reaction with an indicator
how are monoclonal antibodies used to diagnose diseases
can stick to specific cells that cause disease due to their specific antibodies. and then they can be detected to identify the disease
how are monoclonal antibodies used in the treatment of diseases
can target specific cells and deliver medicine to them
