Medieval: Christian and Islamic Medicine

Question 1

Why were Christian universities untrustworthy?

Answer 1

Reinforced old ideas instead of finding new ones

Question 2

What was the aim of Christian medicine?

Answer 2

To care for people until they died or find out why God had “given” them an illness

Question 3

How was Islamic medicine more advanced than Christian in terms of techniques?

Answer 3

Islamic medical students would train alongside doctors

Question 4

How were Islamic and Christian beliefs about the purpose of medicine different?

Answer 4

Islamic: treat patients with compassion, find a cure
Christian: care for people until they died, believed God gave them illnesses for a reason

Question 5

How did Christian and Islamic ideas about surgery differ?

Answer 5

Christian: did not support dissection
Islamic: performed (basic) surgery

Question 6

What was a chaplain?

Answer 6

A priest working in a hospital

Question 7

What happened in the 13th Century?

Answer 7

1200s: Roger Bacon (Monk) arrested for suggesting doctors should do own research

Question 8

Why were Hugh and Theodoric of Lucca unpopular?

Answer 8

Challenged Galenic ideas

Question 9

Which 2 doctors were disliked for challenging Galenic ideas?

Answer 9

Hugh and Theodoric of Lucca

Question 10

Who was John of Arderne?

Answer 10

The most famous doctor in medieval England

Question 11

What was John of Arderne’s surgical manual called and when was this published?

Answer 11

Practica - 1376

Question 12

What did John of Arderne’s ‘Practica’ (1376) contain?

Answer 12

Illustrations of operations and instruments

Question 13

What did John of Arderne famously do? (surgery)

Answer 13

Charged a large fee to treat an anal abscess

Question 14

What was Guy de Chaulic’s textbook called and when was this published?

Answer 14

‘Great Surgery’ - 1363

Question 15

Why was Guy de Chauliac so important?

Answer 15

‘Great Surgery’ dominated English and French surgical knowledge for 200 years

Question 16

How many times did Guy de Chauliac quote Galen?

Answer 16

GdC quoted Galen 890 times

Question 17

Who wrote ‘Practica’? (1376)

Answer 17

John of Arderne

Question 18

Who wrote ‘Great Surgery’? (1363)

Answer 18

Guy de Chauliac

Question 19

Who wrote ‘Anathomia’ and when was it published?

Answer 19

Mondino - 1316

Question 20

Why was Mondino so important?

Answer 20

‘Anathomia’ became the standard dissection manual for over 200 years

Question 21

Who trained doctors on Galenic ideas?

Answer 21

Mondino

Question 22

Who wrote the textbook ‘The Practice of Surgery’ and when was this published?

Answer 22

Frugardi - 1180

Question 23

What did Frugardi warn against?

Answer 23

Trepanning

Question 24

How was Frugardi radical?

Answer 24

Frugardi performed ambitious operations such as removing bladder stones

Question 25

How many hospitals were created in England from 1000-1500?

Answer 25

700

Question 26

How many patients did medieval Christian hospitals treat?

Answer 26

12

Question 27

Who were Christian hospitals ran by?

Answer 27

The Church/monks, nuns, priests

Question 29

How was Christianity used in a medical context in hospitals?

Answer 29

Relics and prayer were used a “cure”

Question 30

What did Christian hospitals rely on to stay open?

Answer 30

Relied on charity

Question 31

What were the 2 other types of hospitals in medieval England?

Answer 31

Asylums, lazar houses

Question 32

Who did asylums treat?

Answer 32

The mentally ill

Question 33

Who did lazar houses treat?

Answer 33

People with diseases such as leprosy

Question 34

Name 3 Islamic key individuals.

Answer 34

Avicenna, al-Razi, Abucasis

Question 35

Who wrote ‘Canon of Medicine’?

Answer 35

Avicenna

Question 36

What text did Avicenna write?

Answer 36

‘Canon of Medicine’

Question 37

How many drugs were listed in ‘Canon of Medicine’?

Answer 37

760 drugs

Question 38

How was Avicenna’s teachings unique?

Answer 38

‘Canon of Medicine’ had chapters on anorexia and obesity

Question 39

Why was Avicenna’s ‘Canon of Medicine’ so influential?

Answer 39

It was the standard European medical textbook for doctors until the 1600s

Question 40

What did al-Razi teach (methods)?

Answer 40

Careful observation

Question 41

What 2 diseases did al-Razi distinguish between?

Answer 41

Measles and smallpox

Question 42

How was al-Razi progressive?

Answer 42

Al-Razi taught that all students should improve on the work of their teacher

Question 43

How many texts did al-Razi write?

Answer 43

Al-Razi wrote over 150 books

Question 44

What key text did Al-Razi write?

Answer 44

Al-Razi wrote ‘Doubts about Galen’

Question 45

What 4 things did Abucasis do in surgery?

Answer 45

1. Allowed doctors to operate on veins and remove cancers 2. Operate on eyes to remove cataracts 3. Use fluids to remove fluids 4. Use anaesthetics like opium

Question 46

Why were Islamic hospitals revolutionary for variety in medicine?

Answer 46

The Islamic world had the first hospitals for the mentally ill

Question 47

Who set up a great hospital in Baghdad? Why was this hospital special?

Answer 47

Caliph al-Rashid - new hospital in Baghdad with a **medical school and a library**

Question 48

What is a bimaristan?

Answer 48

An Islamic hospital - Persian word for hospital

Question 49

How were bimaristans more inclusive than Christian hospitals?

Answer 49

Bimaristans provided medical care for everyone