Industrial: Improvements to Public Health

Question 1

What was cholera nicknamed?

Answer 1

‘White death’

Question 2

Why was cholera called ‘white death’?

Answer 2

It infected the lungs and made people cough up white liquid

Question 3

How did housing spread illness in the 18th-19th Century?

Answer 3

Housing was back-to-back and cramped

Question 4

Give an example of the population boom from the 18th-19th Centuries.

Answer 4

Sheffield.
1750: 12,000
1850: 150,000

Question 5

What did many families/houses not have?

Answer 5

Private toilets

Question 6

What was often used instead of toilets?

Answer 6

Buckets

Question 7

Why were the streets so unclean?

Answer 7

Sewage, human waste was dumped into and ran down the streets

Question 8

Why was water so unclean?

Answer 8

Water came from the rivers where the waste was dumped into.

Question 9

How many people did cholera kill in 1831?

Answer 9

Around 50,000

Question 10

What happened to cemeteries during the cholera outbreak?

Answer 10

They were overpopulated, many had to close

Question 11

Who was John Snow?

Answer 11

A Scientist who discovered the cause of cholera.

Question 12

What did John Snow use to map first discover the cause of cholera?

Answer 12

Snow used maps to map cholera deaths - they were found to be near water pumps

Question 13

What was the Broad Street Pump?

Answer 13

The pump that John Snow removed the handle of

Question 14

What did removing the Broad Street Pump handle do?

Answer 14

People could no longer drink the contaminated river water so public health improved

Question 15

What happened in 1839?

Answer 15

The government decided to act and start a public health reform

Question 16

Who was Edwin Chadwick?

Answer 16

The man who started an inquiry into living conditions in London.

Question 17

What was the Great Stink?

Answer 17

When a heatwave caused the contaminated River Thames to smell worse than ever.

Question 18

When was the Great Stink?

Answer 18

Summer of 1858

Question 19

Who was Joseph Bazalgette?

Answer 19

The man who designed the London sewage system.

Question 20

Why was the sewage system much better?

Answer 20

It pumped the sewage out to the sea instead of the Thames

Question 21

How much did the London sewage system cost to build?

Answer 21

£3 million

Question 22

When was the London sewage system finished by?

Answer 22

Sewers complete by 1866

Question 23

What happened after the sewage system was introduced?

Answer 23

Cholera never returned to London, public health improved

Question 24

When was Chadwick’s report published?

Answer 24

1842

Question 25

When was the first Public Health Act introduced?

Answer 25

1848

Question 26

Name 2 things the Public Health Act of 1848 introduced.

Answer 26

First step to reformation: 1. Set up General Board of Health 2. Set up a local board of health for communities.

Question 27

When was compulsory vaccination introduced?

Answer 27

Vaccination was made mandatory from 1858.

Question 28

What was the Sanitary Act?

Answer 28

Made local councils responsible for sewers, water and street cleaning. Each town was given a health inspector.

Question 29

When was the second Public Health Act introduced?

Answer 29

1875

Question 30

What did the Second Public Health Act introduce?

Answer 30

From 1875: 1. Local councils appointed medical officers 2. Councils had to keep sewers in good condition, supply fresh water and keep streets clean