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Medieval West Africa, South America, Europe > Medieval Europe > Flashcards

Medieval Europe Flashcards

1
Q

Why did Europeans want to go and explore the world?

A

Gold, God, and Glory

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2
Q

Why did the Europeans want to spread their religion?

A

Because the Europeans are naturally superior and Christianity is the only true faith

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3
Q

Why did the Europeans want to get fame?

A

They NEED to be in the history books

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4
Q

How did the Europeans want to get money?

A

They wanted to control the trade routes to the east to cut out the middleman

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5
Q

What are some inventions that helped sea travel?

A

Magnetic compass, astrolabe, etc.

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6
Q

Why is the phrase “New World” in quotes?

A

There were already people living there

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7
Q

What does the word “Renaissance” mean?

A

Rebirth

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8
Q

Why does the Renaissance mean rebirth?

A

They wanted a redo from where they were currently at (Black Death and failure of Crusades)

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9
Q

What civilizations did the Europeans look back at during the Renaissance?

A

Ancient Greece and Rome

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10
Q

What big idea/philosophy came to Europe during the Renaissance?

A

Humanism

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11
Q

What does humanism believe in?

A

All people have the ability to control their own lives and can achieve greatness in this life

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12
Q

Where did the Renaissance start?

A

Florence

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13
Q

Why did the Renaissance start in Italy?

A

Its location on the Mediterranean was a crossroads for travelers from the east and west - travelers brought goods ad ideas

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14
Q

Why did Florence attract so many visitors?

A

Trade/commerce (hub for wool trading, Europe’s banking center), studying art with Florentine masters, learning at the libraries and schools

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15
Q

What were Florentines influenced by?

A

The freedom of ideas, the core of Humanism

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16
Q

Who were the Medicis?

A

The family that dominated Florence

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17
Q

How did the Medici family gain their wealth?

A

Banking

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18
Q

What kinds of people did the Medici family sponsor?

A

Artists and thinkers

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19
Q

How powerful was the Medici family?

A

Very powerful - Catherine Medici was married to the king of France, they also influenced many of the great thinkers of the time

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20
Q

What did sculptures look like before the Renaissance?

A

Relief statues (carved into a wall), subjects were clothed

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21
Q

What did sculptures look like after the Renaissance?

A

Freestanding and viewed in round

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22
Q

What were some advancements in art during the Renaissance?

A

Depicting people in lifelike ways, showing emotions, realistic backgrounds, perspective, shading/3D

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23
Q

How did science and math contribute to advancement in painting?

A

Artists used geometry to give proper spacing and studied anatomy to see how bodies moved to portray them more realistically

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24
Q

What type of paint was developed during the Renaissance?

A

Oil-based paints

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25
Q

What was literature like before the Renaissance?

A

About religious topics, had a formal, impersonal tone, written in Latin, meant for a few highly educated people

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26
Q

What was literature like after the Renaissance?

A

Represented real-world, individual experiences, expressed thoughts and experiences about life, about secular topics, had vernacular languages

27
Q

Before the Renaissance, how did people make books?

A

By hand

28
Q

What invention made it easier to make copies of written work?

A

The printing press

29
Q

How did the printing press make books more widely available?

A

Books were cheaper, so common people could afford them

30
Q

With the invention of the printing press, what did the nobility and church lose?

A

Their control of knowledge

31
Q

What did Renaissance builders study?

A

Greek and Roman ruins

32
Q

What buildings did wealthy families build?

A

Palazzi (palaces)

33
Q

What was the structure of palazzi?

A

1st level were shops, home was above

34
Q

In Europe, what were the tallest buildings in each town/city?

A

The churches

35
Q

Who finished the incomplete Duomo di Santa Maria del Fiore?

A

Filippo Brunelleschi

36
Q

What did Brunelleschi invent to lift building material and workers to the top of the Duomo?

A

Hoists

37
Q

How does the dome atop the Duomo get supported without internal support?

A

8 large arches come together to make the dome

38
Q

What were the main points of the Enlightenment about?

A

Governmental changes and human rights

39
Q

What were indulgences?

A

A payment in return for forgiveness of sins

40
Q

Who practiced selling indulgences?

A

The church

41
Q

What was the problem with indulgences?

A

Only rich people could afford them

42
Q

What was excommunication?

A

Banishment of people from the religious community

43
Q

What is the impact of being excommunicated?

A

Soul goes to the bad place

44
Q

How did Martin Luther become a monk?

A

He was about to die, but he prayed to God right before, and he lived, so he dedicated his life to God

45
Q

What did Luther do in his time as a monk?

A

He studied the Bible

46
Q

When Luther got invited to Rome, what did he see?

A

Manipulation and corruption in the church

47
Q

What did Luther say about the Pope?

A

He had too much authority

48
Q

What did Luther write once he saw what was happening to the church?

A

95 Theses

49
Q

What was 95 Theses about?

A

Everything wrong with the church

50
Q

What were the main points of the 95 Theses?

A

Only religious book is the Bible, there should be no pope, no indulgences, no more prayers to Mary or Saints, only God, the bread and wine were symbols of God rather than actual transformed parts of him, so it did not have to be done every day, ministers can marry

51
Q

What was Luther’s movement to reform the church in the 16th century called?

A

The Protestant Reformation

52
Q

What was the impact of the Protestant Reformation?

A

Western Christianity split into two branches - Protestantism and Roman Catholicism

53
Q

What is the main form of Protestantism that Luther created?

A

Lutheranism

54
Q

What was the main reason of Luther’s success in spreading his ideas?

A

The invention of the printing press happening at the same time

55
Q

What happened to Luther after he spread his ideas?

A

Pope Leo X (Medici) excommunicated him

56
Q

What council did the Holy Roman Emperor hold after the excommunication of Luther?

A

The Diet of Worms

57
Q

What was determined in the Diet of Worms?

A

Luther’s teachings were false, he and his followers were declared heretics in the Edict of Worms

58
Q

How was Luther protected after the Diet of Worms?

A

One of his followers, a German prince, let Luther stay in his castle

59
Q

What was significant about Henry VIII?

A

He broke away from the church and put the King as the final authority, not the Pope - began the English Reformation

60
Q

What was significant about Huldrych Zwingli?

A

He convinced the Zurich local government to ban worship not on the Bible and started the Zwinglian Reformation in Switzerland

61
Q

What changes did Zwingli make to the church?

A

In churches, there are no statues or paintings, and in services, there is no music or singing - focused solely on the Bible as the center of religious authority

62
Q

What were the ideas of John Calvin?

A

Purgatory was a lie created by the Catholic Church to instill fear on the Church in the Middle Ages, the Old Testament laws still applied to Christians, the Catholic Church was on a destructive path and a reformed Christianity would be the surest path to heaven

63
Q

What book did Calvin publish his ideas in?

A

Institutes of the Christian Religion - it was incredibly influential

64
Q

What was significant about William Tyndale?

A

He made the King James Bible

Medieval West Africa, South America, Europe (3 decks)

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