Medieval Europe

Question 1

Why did Europeans want to go and explore the world?

Answer 1

Gold, God, and Glory

Question 2

Why did the Europeans want to spread their religion?

Answer 2

Because the Europeans are naturally superior and Christianity is the only true faith

Question 3

Why did the Europeans want to get fame?

Answer 3

They NEED to be in the history books

Question 4

How did the Europeans want to get money?

Answer 4

They wanted to control the trade routes to the east to cut out the middleman

Question 5

What are some inventions that helped sea travel?

Answer 5

Magnetic compass, astrolabe, etc.

Question 6

Why is the phrase “New World” in quotes?

Answer 6

There were already people living there

Question 7

What does the word “Renaissance” mean?

Answer 7

Rebirth

Question 8

Why does the Renaissance mean rebirth?

Answer 8

They wanted a redo from where they were currently at (Black Death and failure of Crusades)

Question 9

What civilizations did the Europeans look back at during the Renaissance?

Answer 9

Ancient Greece and Rome

Question 10

What big idea/philosophy came to Europe during the Renaissance?

Answer 10

Humanism

Question 11

What does humanism believe in?

Answer 11

All people have the ability to control their own lives and can achieve greatness in this life

Question 12

Where did the Renaissance start?

Answer 12

Florence

Question 13

Why did the Renaissance start in Italy?

Answer 13

Its location on the Mediterranean was a crossroads for travelers from the east and west - travelers brought goods ad ideas

Question 14

Why did Florence attract so many visitors?

Answer 14

Trade/commerce (hub for wool trading, Europe’s banking center), studying art with Florentine masters, learning at the libraries and schools

Question 15

What were Florentines influenced by?

Answer 15

The freedom of ideas, the core of Humanism

Question 16

Who were the Medicis?

Answer 16

The family that dominated Florence

Question 17

How did the Medici family gain their wealth?

Answer 17

Banking

Question 18

What kinds of people did the Medici family sponsor?

Answer 18

Artists and thinkers

Question 19

How powerful was the Medici family?

Answer 19

Very powerful - Catherine Medici was married to the king of France, they also influenced many of the great thinkers of the time

Question 20

What did sculptures look like before the Renaissance?

Answer 20

Relief statues (carved into a wall), subjects were clothed

Question 21

What did sculptures look like after the Renaissance?

Answer 21

Freestanding and viewed in round

Question 22

What were some advancements in art during the Renaissance?

Answer 22

Depicting people in lifelike ways, showing emotions, realistic backgrounds, perspective, shading/3D

Question 23

How did science and math contribute to advancement in painting?

Answer 23

Artists used geometry to give proper spacing and studied anatomy to see how bodies moved to portray them more realistically

Question 24

What type of paint was developed during the Renaissance?

Answer 24

Oil-based paints

Question 25

What was literature like before the Renaissance?

Answer 25

About religious topics, had a formal, impersonal tone, written in Latin, meant for a few highly educated people

Question 26

What was literature like after the Renaissance?

Answer 26

Represented real-world, individual experiences, expressed thoughts and experiences about life, about secular topics, had vernacular languages

Question 27

Before the Renaissance, how did people make books?

Answer 27

By hand

Question 28

What invention made it easier to make copies of written work?

Answer 28

The printing press

Question 29

How did the printing press make books more widely available?

Answer 29

Books were cheaper, so common people could afford them

Question 30

With the invention of the printing press, what did the nobility and church lose?

Answer 30

Their control of knowledge

Question 31

What did Renaissance builders study?

Answer 31

Greek and Roman ruins

Question 32

What buildings did wealthy families build?

Answer 32

Palazzi (palaces)

Question 33

What was the structure of palazzi?

Answer 33

1st level were shops, home was above

Question 34

In Europe, what were the tallest buildings in each town/city?

Answer 34

The churches

Question 35

Who finished the incomplete Duomo di Santa Maria del Fiore?

Answer 35

Filippo Brunelleschi

Question 36

What did Brunelleschi invent to lift building material and workers to the top of the Duomo?

Answer 36

Hoists

Question 37

How does the dome atop the Duomo get supported without internal support?

Answer 37

8 large arches come together to make the dome

Question 38

What were the main points of the Enlightenment about?

Answer 38

Governmental changes and human rights

Question 39

What were indulgences?

Answer 39

A payment in return for forgiveness of sins

Question 40

Who practiced selling indulgences?

Answer 40

The church

Question 41

What was the problem with indulgences?

Answer 41

Only rich people could afford them

Question 42

What was excommunication?

Answer 42

Banishment of people from the religious community

Question 43

What is the impact of being excommunicated?

Answer 43

Soul goes to the bad place

Question 44

How did Martin Luther become a monk?

Answer 44

He was about to die, but he prayed to God right before, and he lived, so he dedicated his life to God

Question 45

What did Luther do in his time as a monk?

Answer 45

He studied the Bible

Question 46

When Luther got invited to Rome, what did he see?

Answer 46

Manipulation and corruption in the church

Question 47

What did Luther say about the Pope?

Answer 47

He had too much authority

Question 48

What did Luther write once he saw what was happening to the church?

Answer 48

95 Theses

Question 49

What was 95 Theses about?

Answer 49

Everything wrong with the church

Question 50

What were the main points of the 95 Theses?

Answer 50

Only religious book is the Bible, there should be no pope, no indulgences, no more prayers to Mary or Saints, only God, the bread and wine were symbols of God rather than actual transformed parts of him, so it did not have to be done every day, ministers can marry

Question 51

What was Luther's movement to reform the church in the 16th century called?

Answer 51

The Protestant Reformation

Question 52

What was the impact of the Protestant Reformation?

Answer 52

Western Christianity split into two branches - Protestantism and Roman Catholicism

Question 53

What is the main form of Protestantism that Luther created?

Answer 53

Lutheranism

Question 54

What was the main reason of Luther's success in spreading his ideas?

Answer 54

The invention of the printing press happening at the same time

Question 55

What happened to Luther after he spread his ideas?

Answer 55

Pope Leo X (Medici) excommunicated him

Question 56

What council did the Holy Roman Emperor hold after the excommunication of Luther?

Answer 56

The Diet of Worms

Question 57

What was determined in the Diet of Worms?

Answer 57

Luther's teachings were false, he and his followers were declared heretics in the Edict of Worms

Question 58

How was Luther protected after the Diet of Worms?

Answer 58

One of his followers, a German prince, let Luther stay in his castle

Question 59

What was significant about Henry VIII?

Answer 59

He broke away from the church and put the King as the final authority, not the Pope - began the English Reformation

Question 60

What was significant about Huldrych Zwingli?

Answer 60

He convinced the Zurich local government to ban worship not on the Bible and started the Zwinglian Reformation in Switzerland

Question 61

What changes did Zwingli make to the church?

Answer 61

In churches, there are no statues or paintings, and in services, there is no music or singing - focused solely on the Bible as the center of religious authority

Question 62

What were the ideas of John Calvin?

Answer 62

Purgatory was a lie created by the Catholic Church to instill fear on the Church in the Middle Ages, the Old Testament laws still applied to Christians, the Catholic Church was on a destructive path and a reformed Christianity would be the surest path to heaven

Question 63

What book did Calvin publish his ideas in?

Answer 63

Institutes of the Christian Religion - it was incredibly influential

Question 64

What was significant about William Tyndale?

Answer 64

He made the King James Bible