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Medieval West Africa, South America, Europe > Medieval West Africa > Flashcards

Medieval West Africa Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main kingdoms of West Africa?

A

Ghana, Mali, Songhai

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2
Q

What is the large, hot desert in North Africa that covers about 3.5 million square miles?

A

Sahara Desert

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3
Q

What is the name of the river that runs through West Africa?

A

Niger River

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4
Q

Through which two kingdoms did the Niger River extend?

A

Mali and Songhai

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5
Q

Which of the three West African kingdoms was the largest?

A

Songhai

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6
Q

On what river is Timbuktu located?

A

Niger River

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7
Q

Timbuktu was part of which two West African kingdoms?

A

Mali and Songhai

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8
Q

When was mercator projection created?

A

1569

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9
Q

Who created mercator projections?

A

A Flemish cartographer

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10
Q

What was good about mercator projection?

A

Good for navigators and creating shipping routes

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11
Q

What was bad about mercator projection?

A

Inaccurate representation of the continents

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12
Q

What is implicit bias?

A
  • Prejudice or negative attitudes against a specific social group
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13
Q

What is implicit bias thought to be shaped by and based on?

A

Shaped by experience and based on learned associations between particular qualities and social categories

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14
Q

When people first started to settle in West Africa, where did they settle?

A

South of the Sahara

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15
Q

What kinds of groups did people live in when they first started to settle in West Africa?

A

Family-communities

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16
Q

When people first started to settle in West Africa, how many people would a typical family-community have?

A

15-20 people

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17
Q

When people first started to settle in West Africa, how did people get their food?

A

Farming

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18
Q

Some time after people first started to settle in West Africa, what happened to family-communities?

A

They joined together to villages

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19
Q

Why were villages formed in West Africa?

A

For protection, to get needed help

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20
Q

What caused specialization within villiages?

A

Ironworking

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21
Q

Why did ironworking cause specialization?

A

Iron tools helped farmers clear land and cultivate crops more easily, which lead to a surplus. The excess of food led to larger villages, where more people were free to pursue other trades. Farmers could trade food for goods they could not produce themselves.

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22
Q

As trading across West African villages started, what did villages start to do?

A

Try to control trading

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23
Q

How did West African villages control trade?

A

Villages located along rivers or important trading routes gave some villages a head start. Some cities built walls around their city, and some induced tax.

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24
Q

How did cities expand into kingdoms in medieval West Africa?

A

They conquered smaller villages and forced those villages to pay tribute

25
Q

Who is the richest person ever?

A

Mansa Musa

26
Q

Who is Mansa Musa?

A

Ruler of Mali Empire from 1280-1337

27
Q

What religion was Musa?

A

Muslim

28
Q

What did Musa do in 1324?

A

He made his hajj/pilgrimage to Mecca

29
Q

Who did Musa return from his pilgrimage with?

A

An architect (Ishaq El Teudjin)

30
Q

What was the Trans-Saharan Trade route for?

A

Trading salt for gold

31
Q

What was the first stop on the Trans-Saharan Trade route?

A

Taghaza

32
Q

What was Taghaza?

A

A desert village where salt mines were located - travelers mined and carried the salt the rest of the way

33
Q

What was the second stop on the Trans-Saharan Trade route?

A

Ghana

34
Q

What was the purpose of Ghana along the Trans-Saharan Trade route?

A

For travelers to buy materials and restock on food and water - sometimes to rest

35
Q

What was the third stop on the Trans-Saharan Trade route?

A

Walata

36
Q

What was Walata?

A

The city at the edge of the desert where people transferred salt and other goods for gold

37
Q

How long did traveling across the Trans-Saharan Trade route take?

A

About 2 months

38
Q

What animal helped with travel on the Trans Saharan Trade route?

A

Camels

39
Q

When were camels brought to the Sahara?

A

300 CE

40
Q

Why did the spread of Islam contribute to the growth of the Trans Saharan Trade route?

A

More interconnectedness

41
Q

Why would someone want to control the Trans-Saharan Trade route?

A

Mainly to tax travelers

42
Q

Where was the city of Ghana?

A

At the crossroads of major trade routes south of the Sahara and along the rivers

43
Q

What did traders from North Africa bring when they crossed the Sahara?

A

Salt, copper, & cowrie shells (currency)

44
Q

What did the North African traders trade for in Ghana?

A

Kola nuts, leather goods, ivory, slaves, & gold from southern forests of West Africa

45
Q

In the 4th century CE, where was large amounts of West African gold found?

A

Rome

46
Q

What happened to Ghana in the 7th century CE?

A

Muslims tried to invade

47
Q

What happened to the Muslims that tried to invade Ghana?

A

Ghana turned back the invaders, but many Muslims settled in West African towns and became merchants

48
Q

For centuries, how were the beliefs, values, and knowledge of West Africans transmitted from one generation to the next?

A

Orally

49
Q

What kind of traditions also became important in medieval West Africa?

A

Written tradiontions

50
Q

What is a griot?

A

A poet-musician who tells stories, sing songs of praise, and recite poems, often while playing a drum or a stringed instrument

51
Q

What did griots do?

A

Preserved the memory of the past

52
Q

What did rulers use griots for?

A

Trusted advisors

53
Q

Why did rulers use griots as their advisors?

A

They used the griots’ knowledge to shed light on their current problems

54
Q

When did written tradition get more important in West Africa?

A

After the spread of Islam

55
Q

Where does most of our information about West African history, legends, and culture come from?

A

Arabic writing preserved in mosques and Qur’anic schools (probably also oral tradition, but the notes packet doesn’t say that)

56
Q

What is the n’goni instrument similar to?

A

Banjo

57
Q

What is the balafon instrument similar to?

A

Xylophone

58
Q

What do West African proverbs do?

A

They use images from everyday life to express ideas or give advice

59
Q

What do West African proverbs reveal?

A

A great deal about the wisdom and values of West Africans

Medieval West Africa, South America, Europe (3 decks)

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