Meh

Question 1

antithrombin 3

Answer 1

“Do not coagulate” Works on 9, 10, 2

Question 2

Plasmin

Answer 2

“Too much fibrin, degrade this” Works on fibrin- fibrin degradation products, fibrinogen, crosslinked fibrin- D -dimers.

Question 3

2 and 13 coagulation factor

Answer 3

2: prothrombin to thrombin
13: Fibrin stabilization factor

Question 4

Glomerulonephritis

Answer 4

Type 3 hypersensitivity

Question 5

HyperCa

Answer 5

HOGS IN YARD 
HyperPTH
Osteolytic lesions
granulomatous dz
Spurius 
Idiopathic
Neoplasia
Youth
Addisions
Renal 
Vit D Tox
Hypothermia

Question 6

Hyperparathyroidism neoplasia

Answer 6

neuroendocrine. HyperCa causes tubules to become unresponsive to ADH. PTH test should be normal to high with hyperCA

Question 7

Low urine specific gravity

Answer 7

HyperCa, cushings, diuretics, endotoxin release, low Na, hyperglycemia,

Question 8

Horse hypertriglycermia

Answer 8

Indicates anorexia.

Question 9

Elevated T bilirubin

Answer 9

anorexia, sepsis, liver dz, hemolysis

Question 10

Decrease P

Answer 10

GI or renal dz

Question 11

Increase ammonia

Answer 11

Liver or GI dz

Question 12

Transudate

Answer 12

<2.5 protein <1500 (<5000 horse) Mononuclear cells predominate (neuts in horse)

Protein loss, venous/ lymphatic hypertension, earl uroabdomen

Question 13

Exudate

Answer 13

> 3 protein >5-7k (>10k horses). Neutrophils predominate

Inflammatory and infectious

Question 14

Modified Transudate

Answer 14

> 2.5 protein and/or 1500-5000 <10k horses

Due to chronicity

Question 15

Hyperglobulinemia

Answer 15

Multiple myeloma, tick dz. Can caused rouleaux, decreases in electrolytes,
Hyper viscosity syndrome- platelets coated with proteins so can’t coagulate

Question 16

Purple top contamination

Answer 16

EDTA

Chem: HyperK, hypoCa, low bicarb

Question 17

Reticulocyte types in cats

Answer 17

Punctates: 10-12d
Aggregates: hours
Machine counts aggregates

Question 18

Leukemoid Reaction

Answer 18

WBC >50k

mimic neoplasia, neut predominate, high bone marrow store, bacterial infection or highly vascular tissue

Question 19

Blood film steps

Answer 19

scan at 10x for microfilaria
40x- predominant WBC, count, toxicity,
100x- platelet and RBC morph

Question 20

Basket cells

Answer 20

lysed cells

Question 21

Toxic changes in neuts

Answer 21

Dohle bodies, toxic granulation, basophilic, foamy cytoplasm

Question 22

RDW

Answer 22

Anisocytosis

Question 23

Ecchinocytes

Answer 23

artifact, snake bite electrolyte abnormal, kidney dz

Question 24

Thrombocytopenia causes

Answer 24

Increased consumption, decreased production, sequestration, increased destruction,

Question 25

Severe hyperproteinemia

Answer 25

FIP, stomatitis, Rickettsia, ehrlichia

Question 26

Rouleux

Answer 26

normal in cats, horses, pigs

Question 27

Spherocytes

Answer 27

IM, snake bites

Question 28

MCV

Answer 28

cytic

Question 29

MCHC

Answer 29

Chromic

Question 30

hemoglobinuria

Answer 30

intravascular hemolysis- ghost cells

Question 31

Evan's Syndrome

Answer 31

rare autoimmune disorder in which the immune system destroys the body's red blood cells , white blood cells and/or platelets.

Question 32

Onco patients

Answer 32

Are neuts normal? | Threshold >2k

Question 33

Absolute erythrocytes types

Answer 33

Primary- (body didn't ask for more) polycythemia vera. Secondary- (body asked for more) -appropriate: R to L shunt, altitude, hyperthyroid, -inappropriate: renal carcinoma or cyst,

Question 34

Dog stress leukogram

Answer 34

SMILED segs and monocytes increased lymphs and eosinophils decreased

Question 35

Eosinophilia

Answer 35

WWW | Worms, wheezes, and weird diseases (mast, lymphoma)

Question 36

Kidney values

Answer 36

P, Cr, BUN

Question 37

Low Cl

Answer 37

with gastric vomiting

Question 38

HIgh AG

Answer 38

primary disturbance, metabolic acidosis

Question 39

Metabolic acidosis causes

Answer 39

KILU | Ketones, indigestables (ethylene glycol, aspirin), lactate, uremic acids

Question 40

HypoCa

Answer 40

``` Harpisale hypoPT, secondary hyperPT Hypoalbumin Renal dz Phosphoris, pancreatitis, Ingestion oxalate, intestinal, Spurious, steroids, sepsis Lactation Ethylene glycol ```

Question 41

Cholestatic enzymes

Answer 41

GGT, ALP

Question 42

Urinalysis when

Answer 42

First thing in the morning. Highest concentration and usually lower pH

Question 43

Urinalysis procedure

Answer 43

keep 1 Ml of unspun urine. 5mL - 5 min at 500g Remove 4mL- use for specific gravity Resuspend pellet in remaining 1mL- 20% original volume prepare stained and unstained slide preps. Stain with diff quick

Question 44

pH dipstick

Answer 44

pH becomes more alkaline with age

Question 45

Glucose renal threshold

Answer 45

Most species its 180mg/dL Feline 280 Bovine 100

Question 46

Ketones- dipstick

Answer 46

doesn't pick up Beta-hydroxybutrate which also makes the most ketones.

Question 47

Bilirubin on dipstick

Answer 47

male dog, concentrated urine- small amounts may be normal. Light sensitive.

Question 48

Urinalysis count

Answer 48

Epithelial cells- #/LPF (10x) Casts same Leuk and erythro- #/HPF 40x

Question 49

Alcohol- staining procedure

Answer 49

leave in for 2 minutes

Question 50

Lymph Node

Answer 50

Want small lymphocytes to predominate Can have blood contamination Mast cells can be in LN.

Question 51

Reactive LN

Answer 51

Seeing increased numbers of mast and eosinophils. Reactive small lymphocytes.

Question 52

Fluid analysis

Answer 52

EDTA/purple. Preserves cells and bacteriostatic. Also send a slide- differentiate from changes occurring in the tube. Can't leave slides in the refrigerator- leave at room temperature.

Question 53

Chemistry analysis

Answer 53

Red top

Question 54

CBC analysis

Answer 54

Purple top