Meiosis

Question 1

Homologous Chromosomes

Answer 1

Chromosomes which carry the same types of genes; each pair has one chromosome from each parent

Question 2

Diploid

Answer 2

All chromosomes in homologous pairs

Question 3

Haploid

Answer 3

No chromosomes in homologous pairs

Question 4

In the diploid form, Human cells have ___ chromosomes

Answer 4

46

Question 5

Asexual reproduction

Answer 5

One parent; children are clones

Question 6

Sexual production

Answer 6

1 or 2 parents, offspring are genetically unique from parents

Question 7

Meiosis is a ____ process

Answer 7

Linear

Question 8

A cell must ____ the cell cycle to begin Meiosis

Answer 8

Exit

Question 9

Meiosis is a necessary step for ______ repreoduction

Answer 9

Sexual

Question 10

Meiosis is the key to ______ ______

Answer 10

Genetic variability

Question 11

Meiosis happens in ___ stages

Answer 11

2

Question 12

A cell _____ the cell cycle after G2 to begin meiosis

Answer 12

Leaves

Question 13

What do we have at the end of Meiosis 1?

Answer 13

2 nonidentical haploid cells

Question 14

How is the end of Meiosis 1 different than Mitosis?

Answer 14

It results in nonidentical cells instead of identical and haploid cells instead of diploid

Question 15

What do we have at the end of Meiosis 2?

Answer 15

4 haploid cells

Question 16

Meiosis vs Mitosis

Answer 16

Meiosis I Mitosis
Linear Cyclical
1-4 cells 1-2 cells
Diploid-> Diploid ->
Haploid Diploid

Question 17

The haploid cells that can result from meiosis become ______

Answer 17

Gametes

Question 18

Female gametes

Answer 18

Ova

Question 19

Male gametes

Answer 19

Sperm

Question 20

_____ occurs when 2 gametes join to become 1 cell

Answer 20

Fertilization

Question 21

A _______ is the new diploid cell that results from fertilization

Answer 21

Zygote

Question 22

How many different gametes can one individual produce?

Answer 22

8 million

Question 23

How many genetically unique offspring can 1 husband and wife produce?

Answer 23

70 trillion

Question 24

Crossing over

Answer 24

Increases genetic variability by trading pieces of chromosomes

Question 25

What is the most important difference between meiosis and mitosis?

Answer 25

Meiosis separates pairs while Mitosis separates individual chromosomes, Haploid vs Diploid

Question 26

How is information passed on from one generation to the next?

Answer 26

Gametes

Question 27

Why is meiosis necessary for sexual reproduction?

Answer 27

It makes haploid cells (gametes), so that when 2 gametes join they make a zygote with the right number of chromosomes.

Question 28

Nondisjunction

Answer 28

When chromosomes fail to separate properly during meiosis. This causes gametes to have too many or too few chromosomes, leading to conditions like Down syndrome.

Question 29

Why is Meiosis the key to genetic variability?

Answer 29

Meiosis increases genetic variability by shuffling genes during crossing over and randomly separating homologous chromosomes (independent assortment). This creates unique gametes.