Module 6

Question 1

Catalyst

Answer 1

A substance that lowers the activation energy of a chemical reaction

Question 2

Endothermic

Answer 2

Reactions that absorb energy

Question 3

Exothermic

Answer 3

Reactions that release energy

Question 4

Enzyme

Answer 4

Proteins that act as biological catalysts

Question 5

Monomers

Answer 5

The units of molecules that are repeated in polymers

Question 6

Polymers

Answer 6

Molecules made from repeating units of identical or nearly identical molecules

Question 7

Reactants

Answer 7

The chemicals going into a reaction

Question 8

Products

Answer 8

The chemicals coming out of a reaction

Question 9

Cellulose

Answer 9

Plant structural material made from carbohydrates

Question 10

DNA

Answer 10

Contains all of the cells’ genetic information and remains in the nucleus

Question 11

RNA

Answer 11

Messengers of genetic information in cells

Question 12

Proteins

Answer 12

Polymers of Amino Acids

Question 13

Fructose

Answer 13

A monosaccharide carbohydrate with a pentagon carbon structure and a 1:2:1 C-H-O ratio, an isomer

Question 14

Saturated

Answer 14

Fatty acids with the max amount of hydrogen atoms, no double bonds between carbons, and a straight structure

Question 15

Glucose

Answer 15

Same as Fructose but with Carbon arranged in a hexagon

Question 16

Starch

Answer 16

Plant energy storage

Question 17

Glycogen

Answer 17

Animal energy storage

Question 18

Sucrose

Answer 18

A disaccharide carbohydrate with a 12:22:10 C-H-O ratio

Question 19

Phospholipids

Answer 19

A try glycerol where one fatty acid has been replaced by a phosphate group

Question 20

Unsaturated

Answer 20

A fatty acid that is missing some hydrogen atoms, has some double bonds between carbons, and is in a bent structure

Question 21

Activation Energy

Answer 21

The energy required to start a chemical reaction

Question 22

How Enzymes Work

Answer 22

Substrates bind to the active site of the enzyme, forming the enzyme-substrate complex. The substrates are combined into products, which are then released. Enzymes help speed up chemical reactions in the body but only work under certain temperatures and pH. Can be blocked by inhibitors.

Question 23

Compare Glucose and Fructose

Answer 23

Both simple monosaccharide sugars, and both have 6:12:6 ratio (Isomers). Fructose is naturally sweeter, and has a pentagon carbon structure instead of a Hexagon. Glucose is a preferred sugar, whereas Fructose is found in fruits and has the least impact on blood sugar.

Question 24

Compare Carbohydrates and Lipids

Answer 24

Both have energy storage and structural material, but Lipids can be used as thermal insulation. Carbs are made from carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen in a 1:2:1 ratio. Lipids have polymers called fatty acids and are insoluble in water.

Question 25

Carbon as the Basis of Organic Molecules

Answer 25

It is a small atom with the ability of 4 bonds which enables it to make chains and rings. it can make stable bonds with many elements, including itself.

Question 26

Examples of Proteins

Answer 26

Egg, nuts, dairy

Question 27

Parts of a protein

Answer 27

Amino group, hydrogen, Carboxyl group, R variant

Question 28

,Functions of Proteins

Answer 28

Structural material and enzymes

Question 29

Living things composition

Answer 29

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulfur, Phosphorus

Question 30

4 Organic Molecules

Answer 30

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, Nucleic acids

Question 31

Macromolecules

Answer 31

Large molecules formed by joining smaller organic Molecules together

Question 32

Polysaccharides

Answer 32

Monosaccharides joined into chain structures

Question 33

Tryglycerides

Answer 33

3 fatty acids joined together by a glycerol molecule

Question 34

Monomers in lipids

Answer 34

CH_2

Question 35

Nucleotides

Answer 35

Monomers that make up nucleic acids: a sugar, three phosphate groups, and a nitrogen containing base