Meiosis and Introduction to Genetics

Question 1

What is meiosis?

Answer 1

A form of cell division

Question 2

What key concept involves the number of chromosomes in gametes compared to body cells?

Answer 2

Gametes have half the number of chromosomes that body cells have

Question 3

Where are germ cells located in the human body?

Answer 3

In the reproductive organs

Question 4

How many pairs of chromosomes do human body cells have?

Answer 4

23 pairs of chromosomes and 46 total

Question 5

What are homologous pairs?

Answer 5

Chromosome pairs that have copies of the same genes

Question 6

What are the two types of chromosomes?

Answer 6

• Autosomes
• Sex chromosomes

Question 7

What are the sex chromosomes in humans?

Answer 7

X and Y chromosomes

Question 8

What are somatic cells?

Answer 8

Body cells that make up most of body tissue and organs

Question 9

What type of cells undergo mitosis?

Answer 9

Somatic cells

Question 10

What type of cells undergo meiosis?

Answer 10

Germ cells

Question 11

What are gametes?

Answer 11

Sex cells: egg and sperm

Question 12

What is the chromosome number in gametes?

Answer 12

Haploid cells with 23 chromosomes

Question 13

What is the diploid number of chromosomes?

Answer 13

46 chromosomes

Question 14

What is the difference between somatic cells and germ cells?

Answer 14

• Somatic cells: diploid, undergo mitosis
• Germ cells: haploid, undergo meiosis

Question 15

What is crossing over?

Answer 15

The exchange of chromosome segments between homologous chromosomes

Question 16

When does crossing over occur?

Answer 16

During prophase 1 of meiosis 1

Question 17

What does genetic linkage refer to?

Answer 17

Genes located close to each other on a chromosome tend to be inherited together

Question 18

What is the result of meiosis?

Answer 18

4 unique haploid cells

Question 19

What occurs during anaphase 1 of meiosis?

Answer 19

Homologous pairs separate from each other

Question 20

What is the function of sperm?

Answer 20

Main contribution to embryos is DNA

Question 21

What is the function of eggs?

Answer 21

Contribute DNA, cytoplasm, and organelles to an embryo

Question 22

What is gametogenesis?

Answer 22

The production of gametes from diploid cells

Question 23

What does Mendel’s law of segregation state?

Answer 23

Traits are inherited as discrete units

Question 24

What is a genotype?

Answer 24

The makeup or alleles of a specific set of genes

Question 25

What is a phenotype?

Answer 25

The physical expression of a trait

Question 26

What does a Punnett square predict?

Answer 26

All possible genotypes resulting from a cross

Question 27

What is a monohybrid cross?

Answer 27

A cross that involves one trait

Question 28

What is the principle of independent assortment?

Answer 28

Allele pairs separate independently during meiosis

Question 29

What are polygenic traits?

Answer 29

Traits produced by two or more genes

Question 30

What is incomplete dominance?

Answer 30

Neither allele is completely dominant nor recessive

Question 31

What is codominance?

Answer 31

Both alleles are completely expressed

Question 32

What is genetic diversity?

Answer 32

Variation in genetic traits within a population

Question 33

How does crossing over impact genetic diversity?

Answer 33

It increases genetic variations

Question 34

What is the haploid number if an organism's diploid number is 12?

Answer 34

6