Meiosis and Mendelian genetics

Question 1

ploidy

Answer 1

the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a biological cell

Question 2

gametes

Answer 2

sex cells that are haploid.

They contain 1/2 of the parents’ genetic information (n).

Question 3

fertilization

Answer 3

the fusion of gametes

Question 4

zygotes

Answer 4

the product of fertilization, contains two complete copies of each chromosome (full complement)

Question 5

locus

Answer 5

specific place on a chromosome in which a gene is located

Question 6

allele

Answer 6

alternative form of the same gene

Question 7

homozygous

Answer 7

when identical alleles of the gene are present on both homologous chromosomes

Question 8

heterozygous

Answer 8

when two different alleles of a gene are present on homologous chromosomes

Question 9

chromosomes

Answer 9

transformed chromatin, an organized structure of condensed DNA & proteins inside the nucleus ( happens at prophase of cell division)

Question 10

sister chromatids

Answer 10

two identical copies of chromatin that are formed by the replication of a single chromosome; both copies joined together by a common centromere

Question 11

diploid number of chromosomes

Answer 11

Somatic cells contain a full complement2 sets of chromosomes (2n)

Question 12

haploid number of chromosomes

Answer 12

contain 1/2 of the parents’ genetic information (n);Haploid number is the result of meiosis

Question 13

sexual reproduction

Answer 13

produces new genetic combinations by three mechanisms, Independent assortment, Crossing over, and Random fertilization

Question 14

alleles and their relation to homologous chromosomes

Answer 14

Alternative alleles of a gene located on homologous chromosomes

Question 15

homozygous individuals

Answer 15

Individuals with identical pair of alleles are present on both homologous chromosomes (EE or ee)

Question 16

heterozygous individuals

Answer 16

Individuals with two different alleles for a particular gene (Ee)

Question 17

genotype

Answer 17

exact genetic makeup of an organism, the set of genes it possesses( you can’t see) is an organism’s full hereditary information

Question 18

phenotype

Answer 18

physical expression of the genotype (we do see)

Question 19

dominant trait and its inheritance

Answer 19

produces the same phenotype whether its paired allele is identical or different

Question 20

recessive trait and its inheritance

Answer 20

one that is overshadowed by a dominant allele

Question 21

monohybrid crosses

Answer 21

cross between parents with different alleles for a single gene of interest

Question 22

dihybrid crosses

Answer 22

cross between parents with different alleles for two genes of interest

Question 23

autosomes

Answer 23

chromosome that is not a sex chromosome

Question 24

sex chromosomes

Answer 24

particular chromosomes that are involved in determining the sex of an organism

Question 25

sex chromosomes and their role in gender development

Answer 25

The 23rd pair are the sex chromosomes, dictate our sex chromosomes, dictate our sex. X & Y chromosomes, females XX, males XY

Question 26

the reason for their prevalence in males

Answer 26

X chromosome allele will be expressed in males no matter what…always dominant…hemophilia!

Question 27

difference between mitosis and meiosis

Answer 27

mitosis: i. maintains ploidy ii. results in diploid number of chromosomes iii. two daughter cells are identical meiosis: i. reduces ploidy in half ii. results in haploid number of chromosomes iii. four genetically different cells

Question 28

Locus

Answer 28

place on a chromosome where a gene is located