meiosis, cell cycle and asexual reproduction vocab

Question 1

a cycle of growth, developement, and division, that most cells in an organism go through

Answer 1

cell cycle

Question 2

region of a chromosome where the 2 sister chromatids attach

Answer 2

centromere

Question 3

division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells

Answer 3

cytokinesis

Question 4

the two new cells that result from mitosis and cytokinesis

Answer 4

daughter cells

Question 5

Cell grows, performs its normal functions, and prepares for division;consists of G1,S, and G2 phases

Answer 5

interphase

Question 6

a process during which the nucleus and its contents divide

Answer 6

mitosis

Question 7

identical copies of a chromosome;full sets of these are created during the S phase of interphase

Answer 7

sister chromatids

Question 8

the division of a cell’s nucleus, as in mitosis and meiosis

Answer 8

nuclear division

Question 9

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes

Answer 9

chromosomes

Question 10

the process in reproduction and growth by which a cell divides to form daughter cells

Answer 10

cellular division

Question 11

a type of reproduction in which one parent organism produces offspring without meiosis and fertilization

Answer 11

asexual reproduction

Question 12

cell division that creates two identical cells

Answer 12

binary fussion

Question 13

the process during which a new organism grows by mitosis and cell division on the body of its parent

Answer 13

budding

Question 14

a type of asexual reproduction performed in a lab that produces identical individuals from a cell or a cluster of cells taken from a multicellular organism

Answer 14

cloning

Question 15

a form of asexual reproduction in which offspring grow from a part of their parent

Answer 15

vegetative reproduction

Question 16

a type of asexual reproduction that occurs when an offspring grows from a piece of its parent

Answer 16

regeneration

Question 17

the synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated

Answer 17

S-phase

Question 18

first and longest phase of mitosis in which the genetic material inside the nucleus condenses and the the chromosomes become visible

Answer 18

prophase

Question 19

chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

Answer 19

metaphase

Question 20

phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell

Answer 20

anaphase

Question 21

chromosomes move to the opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed

Answer 21

telophase

Question 22

type of reproduction in which the genetic material from two different cells combine, producing an offspring

Answer 22

sexual reproduction

Question 23

female sex cell, forms in the ovary

Answer 23

egg

Question 24

male sex cell, forms in the testes

Answer 24

sperm

Question 25

a process in which an egg and sperm cell join

Answer 25

fertilization

Question 26

a new cell that forms from fertilization

Answer 26

zygote

Question 27

a pair of chromosomes

Answer 27

diploid

Question 28

pair of chromosomes that have genes for the same traits arranged in the same order

Answer 28

homologous chromosomes

Question 29

cells that have only one chromosome from each pair

Answer 29

haploid

Question 30

a process in which one diploid cell divides and makes four haploid sex cells

Answer 30

meiosis

Question 31

process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis

Answer 31

crossing over

Question 32

reproductive cells (egg and sperm)

Answer 32

gametes

Question 33

differences in physical traits of an individual from the same species to which it belongs

Answer 33

variation

Question 34

any cells in the body other than reproductive cells

Answer 34

somatic cells

Question 35

a chromosome that's composed of two sister chromatids held together in a centromere

Answer 35

duplicated chromosome

Question 36

chromosomes become visible; nuclear envelope breaks down

Answer 36

Prophase 1 (crossing over)

Question 37

protein structures which move the chromosomes during cell division

Answer 37

spindle fibers

Question 38

the random distribution of the pairs of genes on different chromosomes to the gametes

Answer 38

independent assortment

Question 39

a very small cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occuring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division

Answer 39

centrosis

Question 40

region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach

Answer 40

centromere