Meiosis & Genetics Flashcards
(30 cards)
Where are chromosomes found?
In the nuclei of cells
About how many genes are found in a chromosome?
1500
How many chromosomes are in human body cells?
46
Does the number of chromosomes change during meiosis?
They stay the same
How many stages does meiosis have?
2
What happens in interphase 1?
Carries metabolic functions, copies DNA, and makes proteins.
How many cell divisions occur during meiosis?
2
What is the purpose of meiosis?
Production of gamates for sexual reproduction.
How does meiosis create genetic diversity?
It creates unique daughter cells.
Does asexual reproduction have stages of meiosis?
No, asexual reproduction only passes chromosomes from the single parent.
Why must sex cells first undergo Meiosis before fertilization?
Number of chromosomes must be reduced to n so that a 2n (diploid) cell is correctly yielded.
Disscuss 2 ways meiosis contributes to genetic variation.
Crossing over, random lining up of chromosomes at the equator.
List 4 examples of genetic variation.
Hair color, eye color, hairline, thumb type.
Compare and contrast sexual and asexual reproduction.
Sexual- requires gamates from both parents (haploid cells), which gives offspring unique features.
Asexual- offspring is genetically identical to parent.
What is crossing over?
The process in which chromosomes exchange segments to create new genetic material.
What phase of meiosis does crossing over occur?
Prophase 1
What can happen if problems occur during Meiosis?
Cancer/Mutations
What can happen if problems occur in Mitosis?
Cancer/Mutations.
What happens during Mitosis?
the cell’s replicated genetic material separates and the cell prepares to split into two cells.
What is the main goal of Mitosis?
accurately separate the cell’s replicated DNA.
What are the benefits of MItosis?
Increase number of cells and replaces damaged cells
How many stages does Mitosis have?
4
When does cytokinesis occur?
After the two nuclei have formed.
What is cytokinesis?
It’s the step where the cell split into two
