Practice for final

Question 1

The process of combining a sperm and egg cell

Answer 1

Fertilization

Question 2

Type of cell division that results in 4 daughter cells that each have HALF the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Answer 2

Meiosis

Question 3

Chromosomes that contain the same genes. You get one from each parent.

Answer 3

Homologous chromosomes

Question 4

A cell containing two full sets of chromosomes (one from each parent)

Answer 4

Diploid

Question 5

A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (half the DNA)

Answer 5

Haploid

Question 6

When homologous chromosomes exchange pieces during prophase I

Answer 6

Crossing over

Question 7

The second cell division of meiosis. This is when the sister chromatids are split up into two separate cells

Answer 7

Meiosis 2

Question 8

The first cell division of meiosis. The homologous chromosome pairs (tetrads) are separated

Answer 8

Meiosis 1

Question 9

Initial cell created from the combination of a sperm and an egg

Answer 9

Zygote

Question 10

What is the end product of meiosis?

Answer 10

4 haploid gamates

Question 11

How many cells are produced from meiosis?

Answer 11

4

Question 12

What are the 8 phases of meiosis in order?

Answer 12

Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I, Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II

Question 13

When does crossing over occur?

Answer 13

Prophase 1

Question 14

How many chromosomes are in a human gamete?

Answer 14

23

Question 15

How many chromosomes are in a human zygote?

Answer 15

46

Question 16

How many chromosomes are in humans?

Answer 16

46

Question 17

What is the center of a chromosome called?

Answer 17

Centromere

Question 18

What are the “leg” structures of a chromosome called?

Answer 18

Sister chromatids

Question 19

Gene:

Answer 19

Sequence of DNA that codes for a trait

Question 20

Allele:

Answer 20

A variation of a gene

Question 21

Genotype:

Answer 21

AA, Aa, or aa

Question 22

Phenotype:

Answer 22

Brown eyes

Question 23

Homozygous

Answer 23

bb

Question 24

Heterozygous

Answer 24

Bb

Question 25

Dominant:

Answer 25

Masks the recessive, represented by capital letter

Question 26

Suppose you are trying to predict the offspring of two plants, knowing that they are both heterozygous. What percentage of the offspring will be homozygous recessive?

Answer 26

25%

Question 27

Suppose you are trying to predict the offspring of two plants, knowing that they are both heterozygous. What percentage of the offspring will be homozygous dominant?

Answer 27

25%

Question 28

Suppose you are trying to predict the offspring of two plants, knowing that they are both heterozygous. What percentage of the offspring will be heterozygous?

Answer 28

50%

Question 29

The law of segregation:

Answer 29

two alleles for each trait separate during meiosis

Question 30

The law of independent assortment:

Answer 30

random distribution of alleles during meiosis

Question 31

____________ predict the possible offspring of a cross between two known genotypes.

Answer 31

Punnett squares

Question 32

__________ alleles are always expressed if they are present.

Answer 32

Dominant

Question 33

Suppose you were conducting an experiment using four different cell lines and after careful observation, you conclude that three out of the four cell lines reproduce resulting in haploid cells while one cell line yields cells with 2n chromosomes. What percentage of the cell lines you are investigating conduct mitosis?

Answer 33

25%

Question 34

The building blocks of DNA are called:

Answer 34

nucleotides

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT found in DNA?

Answer 35

uracil (remember A,T,G,C)

Question 36

The complimentary bases in DNA are joined by:

Answer 36

hydrogen bonds

Question 37

Suppose you run a DNA analysis and determine that the genome consists of 20% thymine. How much guanine makes up the genome?

Answer 37

30%