Memorization

Question 1

How are classes of surgery documented?

Answer 1

P1-P6

Question 2

Define each class of surgery.

Answer 2

• P1= Normal healthy
• P2= Mild systemic disease
• P3= Severe systemic disease
• P4= Severe systemic disease w/ threat to life
• P5= Moribund
• P6= Organ Donar

Question 3

How many stages of ulcers are there?

Answer 3

4

Question 4

Describe each Ulcer stage.

Answer 4

• Stage 1 = Intact skin, non-blanchable redness
• Stage 2 = Partial-thickness skin loss involving epidermis, dermis, or both
• Stage 3 = Full-thickness tissue loss with visible fat
• Stage 4 = Full-thickness tissue loss with exposed bone, muscle, or tendon

Question 5

What is the normal range of:

pH

pACO₂

HCO₃

Answer 5

• pH = 7.35-7.45
• pACO₂ = 35-45
• HCO₃ = 22-26

Question 6

What are the 3 types of O₂ delivery masks?

Answer 6

1. Nasal Canulla
2. Simple
3. Venturi

Question 7

How many liters can each O₂ mask deliver?

Indicate any exceptions/considerations.

Answer 7

• Nasal Cannula = 1-6 L, >4 L requires humidified O₂
• Simple Mask = 5-8 L, Can go over 8 w/ O₂ at 60% max
• Venturi = 4-12 L, Can go to 15L for 100% O₂, most refined delivery control

Question 8

When must a medication order of “NOW” be given?

Answer 8

<90 minutes

Question 9

When is a medication order of “PRN” given?

Answer 9

As required/needed

Question 10

What are the 4 patenteral methods?

Answer 10

1. ID = Intradermal
2. Sub-Q = Subcutaneous
3. IM = Intramuscular
4. IV = Intravenous

Question 11

What is the angle for an ID injection?

Answer 11

5-15°

Question 12

What is the angle for an Sub-Q injection?

Answer 12

45-90°

Question 13

What is the angle for an IM injection?

Answer 13

90°

Question 14

Locations for Sub-Q?

Answer 14

• Upper arm
• Upper back below scapula
• Upper ventral/dorsal (top of butt)
• Belly, under navel

Question 15

Locations forIM?

Answer 15

• Ventrogluteal
• Vastus Lateralis
• Deltoid

Question 16

What values does a CBC give?

Answer 16

• RBC
• Hgb
• Hct
• WBC
• Platelet

Question 17

Normal Range: RBC

Answer 17

• M: 4.7-6.1
• F: 4.2-5.4

Question 18

Normal Range: Hgb

Answer 18

• M: 14-18
• F: 12-16

Question 19

Normal Range: WBC

Answer 19

5-10K

Question 20

Normal Range: Platelet

Answer 20

150-450K

Question 21

High Hgb means…

Answer 21

• Your body needs more oxygen delivered
• Can be due to smoking, high elevation, etc

Question 22

Low Hgb indicates

Answer 22

possible anemia

Question 23

Hct indicates

Answer 23

percentage of RBC in blood

Question 24

A CMP gives us what values?

Answer 24

• Electrolytes
  
  • Sodium (Na)
  • Potassium (K)
  • Chloride (Cl)
  • Bicarbonate (HCO₃₎

Question 25

Normal range: Na

Answer 25

135-145

Question 26

Normal range: K

Answer 26

3.5-5.0

Question 27

Normal range: Cl

Answer 27

98-106

Question 28

Bicarbonate

Answer 28

22-26

Question 29

Normal range: Serum Creatinine (Cr)

Answer 29

* M: 0.6-1.2 * F: 0.5-1.1

Question 30

Normal Range: BUN

Answer 30

10-20

Question 31

Normal Range: Magnesium (Mg)

Answer 31

1.5-2.5

Question 32

Define Cheyne-Stokes respiration

Answer 32

* Respiratory rate and depth are irregular * alternating periods of apnea and hyperventilation * Cycle: slow, shallow breaths that gradually increase to abnormal rate/depth. Pattern reverses, breathing slows and becomes shallow, climaxing in apnea before respiration resumes * Sign of "impending doom" as it is common when approaching death

Question 33

# Define Kussmaul's respiration

Answer 33

Abnormally deep, regular at increased rate

Question 34

Define Biot's respiration

Answer 34

* Abnromally shallow for two or three breaths * followed by irregular period of apnea

Question 35

Describe the effect of the following BP assessment errors: Bladder/cuff to wide Bladder/cuff to narrow/short Cuff wrapped too loosely/unevenly

Answer 35

Effects Bladder/cuff to wide = False Low Reading Bladder/cuff to narrow/short = False High Reading Cuff wrapped too loosely/unevenly = False High Reading

Question 36

Describe the effect of the following BP assessment errors: Deflating cuff to slowly Deflating cuff to rapidly Arm below heart level Arm above heart level Arm not supported

Answer 36

Effects Deflating cuff to slowly = False High Diastolic Deflating cuff to rapidly = False Low Systolic and False high Diastolic Arm below heart level = False High BP Arm above heart level = False Low BP Arm not supported = False High BP

Question 37

Give the typical volume amounts for the following injections: ID IM Sub-Q

Answer 37

ID = \< 0.5mL IM = \< 2mL for small muscles, \<5mL for large muscles Sub-Q = \< 1mL, (but up to 2mL is safe)

Question 38

The Braden Scale is used for... What does higher number mean vs lower number?

Answer 38

* measuring ulcer risk * Higher the number, the lower the risk

Question 39

What is the order of donning PPE?

Answer 39

* Cap * Gown * Mask * Goggles * Gloves

Question 40

What is the order of removing PPE?

Answer 40

* Gloves * Goggles * Gown * Mask * Cap

Question 41

Describe a Papule

Answer 41

* Palpable, circumscribed, solid elevation in skin * smaller than 1cm * a small mole

Question 42

What is a macule?

Answer 42

flat, nonpalpable change in skin color, \<1 cm, ex. FRECKLE

Question 43

What is a nodule?

Answer 43

Growth under the skin, at least 1 cm, ex. WART

Question 44

What is a wheal?

Answer 44

Bug bite

Question 45

What is a vesicle?

Answer 45

Blister

Question 46

What is a pustule?

Answer 46

elvated skin leasion filled w/ pus. Ex. ACNE

Question 47

Describe murmur grades 1-3

Answer 47

Grade 1 = Barely audible in a quiet room (extremely difficult to hear) Grade 2 = Clearly audible, but quiet Grade 3 = Moderately loud

Question 48

Describe murmur grades 4-6

Answer 48

Grade 4 = Loud, with associated thrill Grade 5 = Very loud, thrill easily palpable Grade 6 = Louder, may be heard w/out stethoscope; thrill palpable and visible