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MEMORIZE Flashcards

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1
Q

converting units

A

KING (K)
HENRY (H)
DIED (D)
.
DRINKING (d)
CHOCOLATE (C)
MILK (m)
MEN (u)
NEVER LISTEN (n)
-
kilo 10^-3
hecto 10^-2
deka 10^-1
.
deci 10^1
centi 10^2
milli 10^3
micro 10^6
nano 10^9

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2
Q

arginine pkA/pI

A

side chain: 12.5
carb: 2
amine: 9.5
pI: 10.8

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3
Q

aspartic acid/aspartate pKa/pI

A

side chain: 3.9
carb: 2
amine: 9.5
pI: 3

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4
Q

cysteine pKa/pI

A

side chain: 8.3
carb: 2
amine: 9.5
pI: 5

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5
Q

glutamic acid pKa/pI

A

side chain: 4.3
carb: 2
amine: 9.5
pI: 3.2

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6
Q

histidine pKa/pI

A

side chain: 6
carb: 2
amine: 9.5
pI: 7.6

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7
Q

lysine pKa/pI

A

side chain: 10.5
carb: 2
amine: 9.5
pI: 9.8

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8
Q

tyrosine pKa/pI

A

side chain: 10.1
carb: 2
amine: 9.5
pI: 5.7

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9
Q

amino acids with pKa>7

A

(Ricky)
RCKY

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10
Q

which amino acids have a side chain charge (mnemonic)

A

DRY HECK (plus carb and amine)

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11
Q

amino acids with pKa<7

A

(duh)
DEH

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12
Q

lens four way chart cheat sheet and what does positive or negative mean?

A

…………….lens……………….mirrors
concave..diverging (-)……converging (+)
convex….converging (+)..diverging (-)

POSITIVE = REAL IMAGE (focal length is positive)

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13
Q

in gas liquid chromatography, what is the first peak to emerge

A

LEAST polar, MOST volatile (only has london dispersion forces holding it together)

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14
Q

ratio schedule

A

person is reinforced after a given ratio of occurrences.

Bob gets praise after completing 3 pieces of work

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15
Q

interval schedule

A

person is reinforced in specific time intervals

Bob is reinforced one every five minutes working on his project

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16
Q

FIXED ratio or interval schedule

A

Bob is reinforced after every three pieces of work

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17
Q

VARIABLE ratio or interval schedule

A

Bob is reinforced after every 3-7 pieces of work

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18
Q

james long mnemonic

A

a before e = action before emtion

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19
Q

canon bard mnemonic

A

two birds with one stone = simultaneously

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20
Q

Schacter singer

A

sense stimulus then solve (emotion)

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21
Q

enantiomer vs diastereomer

A

enantiomer=mirror image = all chiral centers are different

diastereomer= nonmirror image=some chiral centers are different
- epimer is only one changed

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22
Q

enhancer, promoter, co-repressor and activator

A

enhancer and promoter are DNA regions, basically the same thing but promoters are at the start and enhancers can be anywhere

corepressor and activators are proteins, bind to promoters to stop or start transcription respectively

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23
Q

meso compound

A

molecule with chiral centers but overall achiral bc you can split in half somewhere within the molecule

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24
Q

positive vs negative
reinforcement vs punishment

A

adding vs removing
encourage behavior vs discourage behavior

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25
positive vs negative reinforcement vs punishment
adding vs removing encourage behavior vs discourage behavior
26
what is the only monosynaptic reflex arc
patellar tendon
27
prokaryotes dont have
introns
28
mnemonic for possible images
UV and IR = ultraviolet and infrared, the lights surrounding visible light = upright virtual and inverted real
29
sin0deg and sin90deg
sin0deg = 0 sin90deg = 1
30
cos0deg and cos90deg
cos0deg=1 cos90deg=0
31
C to K
C+273 = K
32
how to calculate -log of a random number ex: -log(5.7x10^-7)
1. take exponent, make positive, subtract 1. -7=7-1=6 2. Use number to approximate the decimal using table: 1.0=1 2.0=0.69 3.0=0.52 4.0=0.39 5.0=0.30 6.0=0.22 7.0=0.15 8.0=0.09 9.0=0.04 5.7 = 6ish = .22ish 3. Combine for final answer. 6.22 ish
33
how to calculate logs normally logX= A
10^A=X
34
determining amino acid charge with pH, pKa, and pI
pH > pKa = group is deprotonated (NH2/COO-) NEGATIVE pH < pKa = group is protonated (NH3+/COOH) POSITIVE pH=pI = AMINO ACID CHARGE IS 0
35
glucose (carbs) are ususally D or L? AND D/L mnemonic
D D= derecho = OH on right L=left = OH on left
36
OIL RIG works for
electrons AND hydrogen
37
alpha and beta glucose, and glycosidic bonds
alpha: OH down beta: OH up alpha: both have same stereochem (both OH down or up) beta: different stereochem (OH down and up)
38
Ribose
ribose is all right 5 carbon monosacc with OHs all on the right
39
d-glucose
middle finger (eff glucose) 6 carbon monosacc with middle finger orientation of OH (middle finger being on the left)
40
d-mannose
man with a gun 6 carbon monosacc with gun finger orientation of OHs (two OH on each side)
41
d galactose
star trek 6 carbon monosacc with the rock in roll orientation of OH ( right left left right)
42
fructose
ketose of glucose same as glucose except top carbon is CH2OH
43
kinase vs phosphorylase vs phosphatase
kinAse: Adds phosphate by breaking ATP to ADP phosphorylase = adds phosphate phosphoraTase= takes away phosphate
44
object distance (d0) is always
positive
45
mirrors and lens di (image distance)
image and object sandwich mirror: image distance di is negative image and object on same side of mirror: image distance di is positive
46
wavelengths of light in order
UV visible IR UV: 200-400 nm (near UV), 90-200 (far UV) visible: 400-760 nm (purple to red) IR: 760+
47
disulfide bridges happen between
TWO CYSTEINES
48
capacitors in parallel
capADDitors in parallel are added
49
INside I am ILL
in=en = endoderm intestines, liver, lungs
50
aerobic vs anaerobic atp
aerobic: 32 anaerobic: 2
51
big Ka or Kb means
strong acid or base respectively
52
amu =
molar mass on periodic table.
53
acetylation
add C=O
54
positively or negatively charged substances
are very hydrophilic
55
pH of 10 means
[H30+] = 10^-10 M [OH-] = 10^-4 [H3O+] × [OH–] = 10–14 for aqueous solutions at 25°C
56
heme =
porphyrin = 5 membered ring with N
57
pK
is the pH at which the fraction of folded DNA is 0.5
58
cation-exchange column only binds to
positively charged proteins, which only occurs when the pH is less than the pI.
59
Hz =
1/s
60
If reaction is spontaneous (deltaG<0) Keq is
Keq>1
61
acetylation
=transcription is a go
62
starving
get energy from fat - fatty acid oxidation - ketone bodies
63
restriction enzymes
have to be palendromic, same things backwards and forwards
64
lactone/lactonization
cyclic ester
65
buffers
buffer has a buffering capacity that is ±1 pH unit away from the pKa
66
keto and enol
keto : C=O enol: C-OH enol rhymes with alcohol
67
lineweaver burk graphs
competitive: different X, same Y uncompetitive: never cross noncompetitive: sa e X, different Y
68
tRNA
A to P to E on ribosomal subunit access, processing, exit
69
ribosome subunits
eukaryotic: 60s and 40s, usually 80s prokaryotic: 50s and 30s, usually 70s
70
glucagon and insulin
LOW BLOOD GLUCOSE starving -> pancreas alpha releases glucagon -> liver releases glucose into blood (gluconeogenesis) (osmolarity in plasma goes up) HIGH BLOOD GLUCOSE eating/full/excess glucose -> pancreas beta releases insulin -> fat cells take in glucose from blood (glycolysis) (osmolarity in plasma goes down)
71
hormones for hunger
come from INTESTINE to BRAIN ghrelin: gremlin for food (releases when you're hungry) Leptin: Lose weight (releases when you're full on LIPIDS) insulin: releases when you're full on glucose orexin: makes you hungry and awake, brown adipose tissue regulation
72
1 amino acid is
3 nucleotides
73
euchromatin and heterochromatin
euchromatin: less condensed, transcribed first heterochromatin: more condensed, transcribed last
74
sphincters and smooth muscle
sphincters are constantly pinching until they relax, and smooth muscle peristalsis is due to contraction
75
K sub anything is
half the graph
76
g protein coupled receptor goes with
CAMP
77
exergonic Keq
Keq > 1
78
Ca pumps in or out of a neuron
out
79
Hill coefficient
measures cooperativity (i.e. hemoglobin, you see sigmoidal kinetic curves, not following michaelis menten) n>1 = cooperativity n=1 no cooperativity n<1 = negative cooperativity
80
neurotransmitters for exciting/inhibiting
-Glutamate: excitatory in the brain -Glycine: inhibitory in the spine -GABA: inhibitory in the brain
81
dopeamine
Drive to get a reward
82
seratonin
satiety, tranquility, peace
83
ectoderm
"attract"oderm "The things that arise from the ectoderm are things that attract us to others, such as cosmetic features and ""smarts"" - our nervous system, epidermis (skin), lens of eye, inner ear, mouth"
84
mesoderm
"means"oderm "the means of getting around as an organism, such as bones and muscle the means of getting around within the body, such as the circulatory system and kidney the means of ""getting around ;)"" such as the testes and ovaries"
85
endoderm
linings of the "endernal" organs the digestive and respiratory tracts, and accessory organs (liver, pancreas, thyroid, and bladder) to these systems
86
Schwann has a penis
schwann is mylein producing cell in PNS oligodendrocyte in CNS
87
Exercise is the right thing to do!
"everything associated with EXERCISE causes the curve to shift RIGHT: * increased partial pressure of CO2 in the body (b/c CO2 is a byproduct of Krebs Cycle) * increased [H+] aka decreased blood pH * increased body temperature * increased 2,3-DPG This is because exercised muscle benefits from more oxygen being unloaded from the RBC (aka decreased affinity of Hb)"
88
"Real Men In Violet Underwear... eXtremely Gorgeous"
increasing energy and increasing frequency Radiowaves –> Microwaves –> Infrared –> Visible light –> UV –> X-rays –> Gamma-rays
89
"How Glycolysis Pushes Forward the Process: Kinases."
glycolysis irreversible steps "Hexokinase Glucokinase PFK-1 Pyruvate Kinase"
90
Old Age Pedophiles Love Genitals
freud psychodevelopmental stages "Oral (0-1 years) Anal (1-3 years) Phalic (3-5 years) Latency (5 years - puberty) Gential (puberty - adulthood)"
91
low Kd
high binding
92
SAME DAVE
Sensory afferent motor efferent dorsal (towards back) afferent ventral (towards front) efferent
93
seven up
pathway of sperm
94
hyper and depolarization
hyper: more negative inside de: more positive inside
95
blood viscosity
blood cells (erthyrocytes) interacting with vessel walls large diamter -> more interaction with vessel wall -> more viscosity

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