Memory Flashcards
Coordinates and manipulates the information stored in the working memory buffers.
Central Executive
The process by which information is organized into sets of familiar groups or categories of items. This can help increase the total number of items held in memory.
Chunking
The idea that forgetting occurs because memories naturally fade over time.
Decay Theory
Also known as explicit memory. Memories for factual information (semantic memory) or memories that are tied to a particular place and time (episodic memory).
Declarative Memory
Sensory memory for our auditory system.
Echoic Memory
How information initially enters into memory. A selective process that is highly dependent on attention.
Encoding
When we encode a particular item into memory, the item is not processed in isolation but together with the surrounding context.
Encoding Specificity
A new addition of the working memory model. It is thought to draw on the other buffers (phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad) as well as on other stored long-term memories. This aspect of working memory is engaged when remembering specific past episodes.
Episodic Buffer
We attribute fame to a name since we cannot remember where we have seen it before (source monitory error). Since we recognize the name, it must be famous!
False Fame Effect
Memory savings plotted over time.
Forgetting Curve
Participants are required to study of list of words presented one at a time. They then need to recall as many words as they can in any order.
Free-Recall Paradigm
Sensory memory for our tactile system.
Haptic Memory
A proposition by Craik and Lockhart that memory is not subdivided into separate stores. Instead, memory is conceived of as a continuum; items encoded at a deeper level (more attention, more elaboration) result in a longer lasting memory trace than items encoded at a more shallow level (less attention, less elaboration).
Levels of Processing
The permanent storage of our memory. Breaks down into declarative (semantic and episodic) and nondeclarative memories (implicit and procedural).
Long-Term Memory
The difference in the time it takes to memorize a list at test compared to retest.
Memory Savings
The creation of false memories by incorporating new erroneous information with an old memory.
Misinformation Effect
A device such as a pattern of letters, ideas, or associations that assists in remembering something.
Mnemonic Strategy
A combination of implicit and procedural memories. These memories are more automatic and unconscious.
Nondeclarative Memory
Encapsulates the original notion of short-term memory. It is a temporary online store that can maintain seven plus or minus two bits of phonological information for a short period of time. The phonological loop maintains information that can be rehearsed verbally.
Phonological Loop
Participants during a free-recall task remember more words presented at the beginning list.
Primacy Effect
Information learned prior to a specific memory interferes with its retrieval.
Proactive Interference
Our ability to discriminate real memories from those that are thought or imagined.
Reality Monitoring
Participants during a free-recall task remember more words presented at the end of the list.
Recency Effect
A painful memory that has been forgotten as a defense mechanism.
Repressed Memory
