Memory Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is short-term memory (working memory)?
The memory buffer or register that holds current and recently attended information.
What are the functions of short term memory?
-Input and storage of new information
-Retrieval and further processing of already stored information.
What tasks help measure memory capacity?
Digit span
Operation span
Reading span
What did George Miller prove about memory capacity?
Memory span for various kinds of stimuli are roughly 7 + or - 2 items.
What does chunking help us do?
Chunking helps us overcome our capacity limitations by reorganizing items into larger chunks.
What is retrieval?
The process of locating information in memory and activating that memory for use.
What is storage?
The state in which a memory, once acquired, remains until it is retrieved.
What do the decay theories say about forgetting?
Information is lost as a simple function of time.
What does the interference theories say about forgetting?
Recently encountered material often competes with or causes the loss of target information.
What is decay?
Information that is not rehearsed disappears as time passes.
What is displacement?
Information being held in STM is pushed out by newly arriving information.
What are the different types of encoding?
Semantic
Phonetic
Structural
What is semantic encoding?
Emphasizes the meaning of visual input.
What is phonetic encoding?
Emphasizes what a word sounds like.
What is structural encoding?
emphasizes the physical structure of the stimulus.
What are the two types of interferences?
Retroactive
Proactive
What is retroactive interference?
Subsequent learning interferes with the retention of previously learned material.
What is proactive interference?
Previously learned material interferes with memory for current material.
What does the decay theory say about forgetting?
That information is lost as a simple function of time.
What are the two theories of forgetting?
Decay theories and interference theories
What does the interference theories say about forgetting?
It proposes that related or recently encounter material competes with or causes the loss of target information.
Amnesics have no primacy effect. True or false?
TRUE!
What does Pavlio’s dual coding theory of memory state?
There are verbal and non-verbal systems that handle different kinds of info. that communicate with each other.
What is retrieval failure?
A failure tk remember info. that has been learned because it is inaccessible.
