Memory

Question 1

What is the consolidation of memory?

Answer 1

The storage of immediate or short term memories into long term memory

Question 2

What is a normal part of the memory process, that can happen at any step of the memory process?

Answer 2

Forgetting

Question 3

What is the memory process pathway?

Answer 3

Immediate memory ( Fractions of a second ) -> Short-term ( seconds to minutes ) -> and Longterm ( Days to years )

Question 4

Working memory can be thought of as what type of memory?

Answer 4

Short term memory

Question 5

What is working memory and what is it closely related to?

Answer 5

Short-term memory, order of seconds to minutes, which is closely related to attention.

Question 6

What are of the brain is crucial for working memory?

Answer 6

Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC)

Question 7

What plays an important role for the consolidation of memories into long-term storage?

Answer 7

Sleep

Question 8

What is long term memory?

Answer 8

An engram - a more permanent memory trace. Believed to be the result of changes in synaptic plasticity and the strength of synaptic connections between neurons.

Question 9

What are the two types of long term memory?

Answer 9

Declarative memory and non-declarative memory

Question 10

What is declarative memory ( Explicit Memory )?

Answer 10

Conscious memory, things that be stated when asked about. Events and facts.

Question 11

What is non-declarative memory ( implicit memory )?

Answer 11

Unconscious memory. Procedural memory. Perceptual representation system, classical conditioning, and non-associative learning.

Question 12

What part of the brain is responsible for priming?

Answer 12

Neocortex

Question 13

What part of the brain is responsible for procedural ( skills and habits )?

Answer 13

The striatum

Question 14

What part of the brain is responsible for associative learning ( classical and operant conditioning )?

Answer 14

The amygdala is responsible for emotional responses, and the cerebellum is responsible for the skeletal musculature

Question 15

What are the reflex pathways responsible for?

Answer 15

Non-associative learning: Habituation and sensitization

Question 16

What is perceptual priming?

Answer 16

A change in the processing of a stimulus due to a previous encounter with the same or related stimulus - potentially without awareness of the original encounter

Question 17

Is perceptual priming an example of top down or bottom up processing?

Answer 17

Top down processing, because these are things we have seen before, that now influence our perception of new stimuli.

Question 18

What is procedural memory?

Answer 18

Required for tasks that include learning motor skills and cognitive skills ( like reading )

Question 19

What doesn’t procedural memory require?

Answer 19

Requires no explicit knowledge that a skill was learned

Question 20

What is unique about amnesic patients in relation to memory?

Answer 20

Amnesic patients can still have in-tact procedural memory

Question 21

Where in the brain is declarative memory stored?

Answer 21

Medial temporal lobe

Question 22

Declarative memory ( explicit memory ) can be split into what two categories?

Answer 22

Facts ( semantic ) and Events ( episodic )

Question 23

What is the case of patient H.M.?

Answer 23

Patient Henry Molaison had a bilateral temporal lobectomy to treat seizures. After surgery, the patient suffered from global amnesia, which is the inability to form new memories. He also could not remember the past 11 years of his life prior to the surgery.

Question 24

What are amyloid plaques?

Answer 24

Amyloid plaques AB, result from cleavage for the amyloid precursor protein ( APP ). Proteolytic cleavage by B-secretase