Memory Flashcards
What is the recall time of sensory memory according to George Sperling?
0.3-3 seconds
What physical evidence supports the existence of different memory systems?
Medial temporal lobe damage causes LTM damage with intact STM
What is the serial position effect?
Both first and last items are better remembered, with minimum recall in the middle items
What are the primary and recency effects in memory?
Primary effect is the better recall of initial items, while recency effect is the better recall of recent items
What is the difference between phonetic and semantic bias in memory?
Phonetic bias impairs STM, while semantic bias impacts LTM
What is the working memory proposal by Baddeley and Hitch?
Separate “spaces” for different modes of memory, contradicting the unitary model
What is the recall pattern in patients with brain damage like K.F.?
Impaired STM but intact LTM
What is chunking in memory
Grouping small bits of information together to remember more easily
What is maintenance rehearsal?
Repeating an item to keep it in STM, but it is not sufficient for LTM encoding
What is the duration of sensory memory?
0.3-3 seconds
What is elaborative rehearsal/encoding?
Relating new information to existing knowledge or experiences to enhance encoding in long-term memory (LTM)
What is depth of processing according to Craik and Tulving?
Shallow processing focuses on surface features, while deep processing involves thinking about the meaning or structure of information
What is the concept of schema in memory?
Schema refers to a mental framework or organized pattern of thought about some aspect of the world that helps in organizing and linking new information
What is a semantic network?
A network of interconnected concepts or ideas where information is linked based on semantic relationships
What is anterograde amnesia?
Anterograde amnesia is a condition where a person is unable to form new memories after a specific event or trauma, while past memories remain intact
What is retrograde amnesia?
Retrograde amnesia refers to the inability to recall memories from a specific time period before the occurrence of an event or trauma, while memories after the event are preserved
What is memory consolidation?
Memory consolidation is the process of stabilizing and strengthening memories over time as they are encoded into more stable forms in long-term memory
How does the method of loci aid in memory improvement?
The method of loci involves associating items to be remembered with familiar locations, enhancing memory recall by utilizing spatial cues
What is the encoding-retrieval context effect according to Godden and Baddeley?
Memory performance is better when the context at encoding matches the context at retrieval, indicating the importance of the encoding-retrieval context for memory recall
What is encoding?
The conversion of information into a form that can be stored as a memory
What is storage?
The creation of a trace of the encoded information in the central nervous system
What is consolidation?
The strengthening of this trace overtime
What is retrieval?
The attempt to recover (remember)/retrieve a memory
Who is an example of retrograde amnesia?
Fernando Alonso, crashed and believed he was back in his childhood driving go carts.
